CHAPTER 2

THE THEORY OF ELASTI

C FOUNDATION BEAM

Professor Dai Guoliang

Tel: 13912987757

E-mail ： daigl@seu.edu.cn
§2.1 The selection,layout and structure of elastic
foundation beam

§2.2 The model and the discussion about elastic

foundation beam

§2.3 The general equation of Winkler foundation

beam theory

§2.4 Infinite beam and semi infinite beam

§2.5 Calculation of finite long beams.

§2.6 Calculation of rigid beam

§2.7 Bidirectional elastic foundation beam

METHOD OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIO
N DESIGN
The conventional design method

superstructure foundation

substructur foundation
e
 It satisfies the condition of static equilibr
ium ， but ignore continuous deformation
among the foundation, the ground and the
superstructure.
The weaker of the foundation ， The grea
ter difference with the actual situation.
THE CONVENTIONAL DESIGN METHOD ：

IT CAN BE USED WHEN MEET THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ：

 Small or uniform settlement

 The foundation stiffness is large en

ough
 §2.1 The selection, layout and structure
of Elastic foundation beam

柱下条形基础
(Strip foundation under column)

 Continuous f 交叉条形基础
cross strip footing foundation)
oundation
筏板基础 (Raft foundation)

箱形基础 (Box foundation)

 Large area Improve bearing
capacity

 Large integral Reduce uneven settle-

rigidity ment

 Compensation Box foundation , raft

function foundation provided
the basement
DESIGN AND CHECK
Load The rigid of
superstructure

local calculation of
compression The calculation of internal force bearing
and reinforcement capacity

Geological data

Settlement
calculation
THE DEFINITION 0F ELASTIC FOU
NDATION

Definition
： on elastic foundation ， it refers to Locate in a
beam
certain elastic foundation ， Each point of the
foundation is closely contacted beam .
THE DEFINITION 0F ELASTIC FOUNDATION

 Elastic underground building structure foun

dation beam can be flat, can also be placed
vertically, soil medium can be rock, clay an
d other solid materials, can also be a liquid
medium such as water, oil and so on .Beam
on elastic foundation, is a hyperstatic bea
m, it has a set of specialized calculation th
eory 。
 beam on elastic foundation ： Contact
area of foundation of the beam (pl
ate) and sub grade is very large,
so we can assume that the ground i
s elastic, then known as the elast
ic foundation beam.

 Q:So what’s the difference between

the elastic foundation beam and co
ntinuous beam ？
The difference between the elastic
foundation beam and continuous beam
The common beam is only in limited supports and
foundation beam is connected, the bearing force
is finite unknown force, therefore, the common
beam is static or finite hyperstatic structure. The
model of elastic foundation beam beam is
continuous contact with the ground, the reaction
force is a continuous distribution ，

The elastic foundation beam is infinitely

hyperstatic structure.This is one of the major
differences between them.
The support of common beam is generally
considered as a rigid support, but elastic
foundation beam should consider the
deformation of foundation at the same time.

The foundation deformation is considered or

neglected, this is another major difference
between them.
THE CALCULATION MODEL OF ELASTIC
FOUNDATION BEAM
Because the foundation beam on foundation, beams with load,
foundation beam under the action of load and the foundation
together produce the subsidence, so the beams and the ground
surface interaction force  ， the stress  is closely related to
the size and the foundation settlement y,
Obviously, the settlement is greater, the force  is greater, So
the key problem in the calculation theory of elastic foundation
beam is how to determine the relationship between the
foundation and the settlement of ground reaction force, Or
the problem how to select the calculation model of elastic
foundation.
CLASSIFICATION OF CALCULATION MODEL
：

1. Local elastic foundation model

2. Semi infinite elastic foundation mo
del
 1. Local elastic foundation model
Before and after 1867 ， E.Winkler Propose a hypothesis of the
ground ：
Settlement of ground surface at any point is proportional to
The point on the unit area pressure （ 3.1 ）

so p
y kp a
k
 In the formula, foundation subsidence is y, K are the found
ation coefficient, the physical meaning is that:
 The required pressure on unit foundation subsidence is the
pressure intensity per unit area
 This assumption is actually the foundation as the a series o
f independent spring on the rigid support.
 When the ground surface at a point on the pressure P, bec
ause the spring is independent of each other, so only in th
e local produce subsidence y, while in other places do not
produce any subsidence.
 Therefore, the foundation model called the local elastic fo
undation model.
 1. Local elastic foundation model
advantage
：We can actually
consider the
deformation of
elastic beam itself,
eliminating defects
of anti-force of
linear distribution
assumption 。
图3 .2 弹性地基梁的受力和变形
 Disadvantage ：

Do not reflect the continuity deformation of

foundation, When under pressure at a certain point ，
the ground surface has local subsidence not only at this
point, but also in the neighboring area. However,
without considering the continuity of the foundation,
the Winkler hypothesis cannot reflect the actual
situation of foundation beam ， especially for dense
thick soil foundation and whole rock foundation, the
larger error will be made 。
 Local elastic foundation model

 However, if the upper part of the ground is the thin

soil layer, the lower one is the hard rock, the model
of the foundation are similar to the spring model in
figure, and satisfactory results will be made.
2. Semi-infinite elastic foundation
model

We can consider the semi infinite foundation as a

homogeneous, continuous, flexible part(an
object of Semi infinite body, which occupies the
entire lower part of the space, namely, the
upper surface of the object is a plane, unlimited
extending around and below the space).
advantage
：

On one hand, it reflects the integral

continuity of foundation, on the other
hand, it can simplify the calculation of
foundation from geometry, physics ,We can
put the known results about this classical
problem of semi infinite elastic body in
elasticity as the calculation basis.
 disadvantage
：
The elastic assumption does not reflect the
non-elastic properties of soil; Homogeneous
assumption does not reflect the heterogeneity
of soil; Semi-infinite body assumption does not
reflect the characteristics of the layered
foundation and so on. In addition, the
mathematical treatment of this model is
complex, so the application is subject to
In thisrestrictions.
certain chapter, the calculation theory of
elastic foundation beam is depend on the
local elastic foundation model.
ELASTIC FOUNDATION BEAM LAYOU
T
 Be Consistent with column
 Vertical and horizontal layout ： Cross b
ar foundation under the column
 layout in one direction ： strip foundat
ion of cross coupling beams
§2.2 ELASTIC FOUNDATION BEAM MODEL
AND FOUNDATION CALCULATION MODEL
 In the analysis of the interaction among the sup
erstructure, foundation and the ground, or the a
nalysis of beam plate on the foundation, the rela
tionship between force and displacement of soil
and foundation on the contact interface should
be used.
 This relationship can be represented by the eige
nfunction with continuous or discrete form , whi
ch is called the calculation model of foundation
。
 Foundation calculation models could be linear
or nonlinear, and generally is three-dimensiona
l, which are often simplified 。
 The most simple foundation model is a linear e
lastic model, and in this model we just consider
the relationship between the vertical force and
displacement.
 Now we mainly introduces several commonly u
sed linear elastic foundation model.
 Foundation model
 the linear distribution model of ground reaction
force
 The foundation model of winkle
 The half-space elastic foundation model
 compressible foundation model with limited dep
th
 Layered foundation model
 A two parameter &three parameter elastic foun
dation model
 Non-linear elastic and elastoplastic Model
 Duncan and Chang 、 Cambridge model, and mo
dified Shen Zhujiang model 、 Drucker and Pra
ger
1. the linear distribution
model of Ground reaction force
 Foundation beam is absolutely rigi
d
 If ground reaction force at any po
int is proportional to its settlem
ent
  6e 
pk max  pk 1    1.2 fa
 b 

F + G M
pk max = k k + K < 1.2 fa
A W
if ：
e p b 6 ,so

2(Fk  G k )
pk max 
3l a
 2 The Winkler foundation
model
The model which is proposed by engineer in Cz
ech, Winkler, is the most simple linear elastic
model. This assumption is pressure P at any poi
nt in foundation is directly proportional to the v
ertical displacement (settlement) S at this poin
t.
p  ks

a) Continuous foundation beam b) The foundation is divided into discrete

springs, deformation in the load c) Distribution of the contact pressure
have the same distribution form with settlement curve
 Scope of application ： (Assuming that the
mechanical properties is closed to water ）

• Main bearing layer is soft soil

• the thickness of thin compressible
strata does not exceed the half
thickness of the bottom area of
foundation.
• The plastic zone under foundation is
large.
• The continuous foundation supported
on the piles.
3 the half-space elastic found
ation model
 The soil is regarded as a half space with linear
homogeneous deformation .
 We called the model based on theory of elastic
half-space elastic mechanics of soil model the
half space elastic foundation model.
 the most commonly used elastic half space fou
ndation model is J.Boussinesq model,that is, th
e body stress and displacement
2 at any point in
P (1   )
the half space when the surface of an elastic
s
half space subjected to concentrated force P.
E r 0
4 SOIL MODEL OF FINITE COMPRESS
IBLE LAYER
 Soil model of finite compressible layer comes from the
foundation calculation of layer wise summation metho
d ， The soil displacement use Boussinesq's solution
of elasticity theory integral form, and consider the cha
racteristics of soil layer in the deformation calculation

nc
 tij hti
ij  
t 1 Esti
 4 Analysis method

 The condition of static equilibrium

 F  0

 M  0
• Deformation compatibility condition

wi = s i

The finite element method and finite

difference method
§2.3 THE GENERAL EQUATION OF
WINKLER FOUNDATION BEAM
1, the basic assumption:
（ 1 ） The soil is elastic deformation body
；
（ 2 ） the friction and cohesion between the
beam and the soil are not considered ；
（ 3 ） Beam and soil always contact
together .

2, applicable scope:
(1) The shear strength of the foundation is
very low ；
(2) The ground is thin soil above the strata .
Deflection curve differential equation of
elastic foundation beam and its initial
parameter solution

The basic assumption ：

In addition to the assumption of local elastic

foundation model, there is other need of
hypothesis ：

（ 1 ） Beam bottom surface and the ground

surface is always tightly attached ， that is
,Ground subsidence ,or uplift, and beam based
beam under the action of the external load are
equal everywhere in the deflection deformation
process
（ 2 ） The friction between the beam and the
foundation has little effect on the calculation results,
which can be neglected, therefore, ground reaction
force and the contact surface is vertical everywhere.

（ 3 ） Foundation beam span is relatively small,

meeting the plane section assumption, so it can
applicate directly the calculate of the deformation and
internal force of girder conclusion in materials
mechanics.
1. Deflection curve differential equation of
elastic foundation beam
The left shown the local elastic
foundation beam with length L, width B as
a unit width of 1 straight beam,
under the loadq  x  and the action of
Q,Beam and foundation subsidence y xis  f
Between beam and foundation counter
force  x
In the calculation of local elastic
foundation beam, usually in the
subsidence function as basic unknown
quantity, Foundation beam deformation
under external loadingq  x  and Q,The final
equilibrium, Selection of coordinate
system xoy,External load , force and
deformation of foundation, beam internal
force Sign convention as shown on the
right 。
图3 .3 弹性地基梁的微元分析
1. Deflection curve differential equation of
elastic foundation beam
to make that should satisfy differential equation of
the deflection ， we take small section in a beam ,
Investigate the balance of section part
Y  0,
（ 3.2 ）
Then,
Q  (Q  dQ)  kydx  q ( x ) d x  0
dQ
Reduction to ：
 M 
ky q
(x
0)
dx
2
(dx
) )2
(dx

M
(
M)
dM
(
QdQ
)
d
xq
(
x)  0
2 2
Omit two order trace to:
dM （ 3.3 ）
Q
dx
The above formula is derived
For the X :
dQ d 2 M （ 3.4 ）
  ky  q x 
dx dx2
图3 . 3 弹性地基梁的微元分析
1. Deflection curve differential equation of
elastic foundation beam
If the beam deflection is known, then beam with arbitrary cross-section
angle Q, the bending moment M, shear Q can be caculated according to
material mechanics formula, i.e.:
dy 
 
dx

d d y
2
M  EI  EI 2   3.5
dx dx 
dM d 3y 
Q  EI 3 
dx dx 
d 2M d 4y
dependon  3.5 wecanget , 2
 EI 4
, take int othe  3.4  wecanget
dx dx
d 4y
EI 4  ky  q x   3.6 
dx
This
This isis the
the deflection
deflection curve
curve differential
differential
equation
equation of of elastic
elastic foundation
foundation beam
beam
 Method of coefficient of subgrade reaction
 1 、 get the result by definition and test
（ 1 ） depend on k  p 2  p1
0
s 2  s1
In the above p1 、 p2 、 s1 、 s2 -- The test load and the corres
ponding settlement p
p  k s  k H
(2)depend on the definition E ， we can get
0 0
E0 0
k0 
H
in the equation,E0 -- The deformation modulus of foundation ；
H—Compressed subsoil layer thickness ， depend on the paper
= （ 0.5~1.0 ） b or H= （ 0.7~1.5 ） b ， b is the Width of fou
ndation. 1   2
E 0  p 1 b 
s 1

(3)depend on the experience ：

（ Square load plate ω=0.88 ， round plateω=0.79 ）， we can
get:
p1 E0
k0  
s1  
1   2 b
 Obviously, this estimate is suitable for l
arge or medium foundation with large B
 2. According to the test results and consider the
modify of size, shape and embedded depth
（ 1 ） For the sandy soil, according to Terzagh
i's suggestion, considering the size, use the follow
ing formula
2
 b  0.305  b
'
k0  k0 
'
 (3  16)
 2b  b
in the formula, K0’ 、 K0 –are Correction coefficie
nt of subgrade reaction and the test value respec
tively
b’ 、 b --The test load plate size (diameter circul
ar plate or a square plate width) and the actual si
ze of foundation respectively
 In formula （ 3-16 ） Terzaghi's suggestion test l
oad board is 1ft2 （ 0.305m×0.305m ）， This a
dvice is wrong, the load board size is too small, si
ze effects, such advice is almost based on similari
ty model test theory. Size test load board is 70.7
cm x 70.7cm=5000cm2 or 100cm×100cm=10000c
m2 ， Length of square load board can also be us
ed for circular loading plate diameter, two of the
area of some difference.
'
 In formula （ 3-16 ） b in Engineering area Som
e people think it don’t
b need correction.
（ 2 ） for clay ， considering the shape of foundation
s ， we can use the following formula ：
'
b
k0'  k0
b
（ 3 ） Considering the modified 
shape, we can use ：
 1  0.5m  b
'
k  k0 
'
0  
 1.5  b 
(m  b l ) 

 (3  18)
' 
 m  0.5  b
k 0'  k 0   
 1.5m  b 
( m  l b) 

In the formula,b 、 l—are the width and length of foun
dation.
Strip foundation K0 (or correction) is the 2/3 value wit
h the square based K0 wide and strip foundation
（ 4 ） Considering the foundation embedment de
pth correction
d
k  k 0 (1  2 )
'
0 (3  19)
b
 The formula Terzaghi 1955 recommended is
d
k0  k0 (1 
'
) (3  20)
F
 The formula former Soviet Union Cary Norwich r
ecommended is
F b
In the formula d 、 b—are the depth and wide
Coefficient of subgrade reaction of winkler
model
基床反力系数 K 的推荐值
地基一般特性 土的种类 K(KN ／ m3)

松软土 流动砂土、软化湿土、新填土 1000 ～ 5000

流塑粘性土、淤泥及淤泥质土、有机质土 5000 ～ 10000

中等密实土 粘土及亚粘土 : 软塑的 10000 ～ 20000

可塑的 20000 ～ 40000
轻亚粘土 : 软塑的 10000 ～ 30000
可塑的 30000 ～ 50000
砂土 : 松散或稍密的 10000 ～ 15000
中密的 15000 ～ 25000
密实的 25000 ～ 40000
碎石土 : 稍密的 15000 ～ 25000
中密的 25000 ～ 40000
黄土及黄土亚粘土
40000 ～ 50000

密实土 硬塑粘土及粘土 40000 ～ 100000

硬塑轻亚土 50000 ～ 100000
密实碎石土 50000 ～ 100000

极密实土 人工压实的填亚粘土、硬粘土 100000 ～ 200000

坚硬土 冻土层 200000 ～ 1000000

岩石 软质岩石、中等风化或强风化的硬岩石 200000 ～ 1000000

微风化的硬岩石 1000000 ～ 15000000

桩基 弱土层内的摩擦桩 10000 ～ 50000

穿过弱土层达密实砂层或粘土性土层的桩 5000 ～ 150000
打至岩层的支承桩 8000000

摘自本院地基所 (TJ7—74) 修改序号 16“ 筏式基础的设计和计算”专题报告的附件之二。

2. The general solution of the corresponding
homogeneous differential equations
The deflection differential equation of elastic foundation beam is a four
order constant coefficient non homogeneous linear differential
equation ， q x   o

obtain the corresponding homogeneous differential equation:

d4y
EI 4
 ky  0 （ 3.7 ）
dx
By the theory of differential equation, general solution of the equation
by four linearly independent solutions and. In order to find the special
solution of four linearly independent, so
yerx
To this into the formula to go.

K K
 
4
or 
4
 
 cos

i 

sin
EI EI
2. The general solution of the corresponding
homogeneous differential equations

By the plurality of square formula, we can get:

K    2k   2k 
rk  4  COS  i sin  k  0,1,2,3 （ 3.8 ）
EI  4 4 

to ， If the foundation beam width is b, there are

kb
 4
4EI （ 3.9 ）

 Is a comprehensive parameter associated with the properties of

elastic beam and foundation, the foundation beam and foundation of
the relative stiffness, has an important influence on the stress and
deformation characteristics of foundation beam, so we usually call
 As Characteristic coefficient ，
 As Converted length 。
2. The general solution of the corresponding
homogeneous differential equations
From the formula (3.8), to make k=1,2,3, respectively to obtain solutions
of four linearly independent, combine it and introduces the four
integration constants, then we can get the solution of homogeneous
differential equation (3.7);

y  e x  A1 cosx  A2 sin x   e x  A3 cosx  A4 sin x  （ 3.10 ）

Use the Hyperbolic function ：

e x  ch x  sh x, e x  ch x  sh x

And make
1 1
A1   B1  B 2  , A2   B2  B 3 
2 2
1 1
A3   B1  B 2  , A4   B2  B 4 
2 2
2. The general solution of the corresponding
homogeneous differential equations

B1,
B1, B2,
B2, B3,
B3, and
and B4
B4
We can get were
were undetermined
undetermined
integral
integral constant
constant

y  B1chxcosx  B2chxsinx  B3shxcosx  B4shxsinx

（ 3.11 ）

(3.10)
(3.10) and
and (3.11)
(3.11) are
are the
the general
general solution
solution of
of the
the
differential
differential equation
equation (3.7),
(3.7), inin different
different problems,
problems, they
they
have
have their
their own
own different
different convenient
convenient use.
use.
 3. Initial parameter solution

（ 1 ） Initial parameter solution method

Depend on （ 3.11 ）， and related to （ 3.5 ） we can get

y  B1chx cos x  B2 chx sin x  B3 shx cos x  B4 shx sin x 


  2  B1  chx sin x  shx cos x   B2  chx cos x  shx sin x  
 B3   shx sin x  chx cos x   B4  shx cos x  chx sin x   


M  2 EI 2  B1 shx sin x  B2 shx cos x  B3chx sin x  B4 chx cos x  
Q  2 EI 3  B1  chx sin x  shx cos x   B2  chx cos x  sh（3.12 ）x 
x sin  

 B3  chx cos x  shx sin x   B4  chx sin x  shx cos x  
 3. Initial parameter solution

in （ 3.12 ） the determine of Integral constant B1 、 B2 、 B3 、 B4 is a

very important procedure ， Beam has four parameters at any
section ， they are Deflection ω Angle 、 Bending moment M 、
Shear Q 、 but the four parameters (x=o) of The yinitial
o section
o M o Qo 、
、 、 is called Initial parameters 。
3. Initial parameter solution

The initial parameter method used to

calculate the basic ideas of the beam on elastic
foundation is that, Using the initial parameter
instead of four integral constants, the benefits of
doing so is that: The integral constants has clear
physical meaning; and we can seek ways to
simplify the calculation according to the physical
meaning of the initial parameters 。
 3. Initial parameter solution
（ 2 ） Using the initial parameter instead of four integral
constants
As is showed in the picture
3.4 ， Four boundary conditions
at the left end of the beam
(initial parameter) is

y x  o  yo

 x  o  o  （ 3.13 ）

M x  o  Mo
图
图33.4.4弹性地基梁作用的初参数
弹性地基梁作用的初参数 
Q x  o  Qo 

substituted into the formula (3.12), we can get the integral

constant:
3. Initial parameter solution
B1  yo 

1 1
B2  o  3 Qo 
2 4 EI 
 （ 3.14 ）
1 1 
B3  o  3 Qo 
2 4 EI 
1 
B4   3 M o 
2 EI
kb
 4
Then take （ 3.14 ） into （ 3.12 ）， and make sure tha 4EI
t ， we can get
1 2 2  
y  yo1  o 2  M o  3  Qo  4 
2 bk bk 
2 3 2 2 
   yo 4  o1  M o  2  Qo 3 
bk bk  （ 3.15 ）

bk bk 1 
M  yo      M   Q 
2 
3 o 4 o 1 o 2
2 2 4 3

bk bk 
Q  yo      M   Q 
2 2
2 o
4 3
3 o 4 o 1

3. Initial parameter solution
In the formulate

1  chx cosx
 2  chx sin x  shx cosx
 3  shx sin x
 4  chx sin x  shx cosx

1 
、2 
、3 、
4 are Called hyperbolic trigonometric functions, they
have the following differential relationship ：
d 1
  4
d
d 2
 21
d
d 3
  2
d
d 4
 2 3
d
 3. Initial parameter solution

（ 3.15 ） is Homogeneous differential equation expr

essed by initial parameters;
 A significant advantage of the formula is it has clear
physical meaning in each;
 If in （ 3.15 ），1 is the beam deflection equation
When the origin unit has deflection (three other initia
l parameters are zero)
 2
is The deflection equation of beam When has a
2
originunit angle
 3. Initial parameter solution

Another significant advantage is that, in the four

undetermined constants o yo M o Qo the two
parameters can be directly obtained by the two
boundary conditions at end, The other two
undetermined initial parameters can be calculated
by the other end of the boundary conditions. This
makes determining the parameters of the work has
been simplified. Table 3.1 has listed the beam
parameters are often encountered in engineering
practice in reverse loading support form.
实际工程中常遇到的支座形式反荷载作用下梁端参数的值

A 端边界条
弹性地基梁 已知初参数 待求初参数
件
M0=0 MA=0 θ0
自 Q0=0 QA=0 y0
由
端 M0=-m MA=0 θ0
Q0=-P1 QA=P2 y0

M0=0 MA=0 θ0
简 y0=0 yA=0 Q0
支
端 M0=m1 MA=m2 θ0
y0=0 yA=0 Q0
 θ0=0 θA=0 M0
固 y0=0 yA=0 Q0
定
端 θ0=0 θA=0 M0
y0=0 yA=0 Q0

弹
性 θ0=M0β0
固 y0=0 yA=0 M0
定 Q0
端
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam

（ 3.7 ） is Equivalent to the differential deflection

equation of the foundation beam only in the initial
parameter under the action ，（ 3.6 ） is equivalent to
both the initial parameters of foundation beam, and the
differential equation of the deflection load ， The
special solution of beam is additional deflection caused
only in the external loads.
Then we discussed deferent situations According to the
various forms of the load beam.
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam
（ 1 ） special solutions Under the action of concentrated load
1 、 special solutions Under the action of concentrated load 。

as the picture 3.5 shows,there is a elastic foundation beam ， in the

bottom of O are initial parameter 、o 、y o、 M ， oA point
Qo has a
concentrated force P. Assuming that Y1 is a deflection expression of OA
segment, y2 is for AB, because of no load beam, Differential equations of
the deflection for OA and AB respectively are as follows:

d4y1 4
4 y1 o  3.16a
dx4
d4y2
44
y2 o  3.16b
dx4

图3 .5 集中力作用于地基梁
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam

Among them x  x  x p

solutions of Formula (3.16a) can use Initial parameter at

Both ends of the beam,so:
1 2 2 
y1  y o  1   o 2  M o  3  Qo 4 （ 3.17 ）
2 bk bk
The solution formulate of (3.16b) can use

y 2  y1  yp

Then put （ 3.18 ） into （ 3.16b ）， and make sure

that （ 3.16a ） ,we can get
d 4 yp
 4 4 y p  o （ 3.19 ）
dx  4
4. the special solution of The differential equation of
elastic deflect foundation beam

Considering formulate （ 3.16a ） and （ 3.16b ） we

can receive that:the solution of formulate （ 3.19 ） is
familiar with formulate （ 3.17 ）， the deferent part
is to make x to be x  ， the four parameter are:the
deflection x  x pin y ,Angle  A1 ， bending momentM A1
A1

shear Q A1 ， so, it can be as follows:

 
y p  y A1 1 x  x p   A1
1
2
 
 2 x  x p
（ 3.20 ）
2
2 
 M A1
bk

 3 x  x p  
 Q A1  4 x  x p
bk

4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam
By continuity conditions and stress situation at point A
y A1   A1  MA1  o, Q A1   pi

Take it into the formulate （ 3.20 ） ,and relatd to （ 3.5 ） we can

get
 
y p  pi  4  x  x p  
bk
2

2 pi 
 p   3  x x p  
bk  x  x p 
pi  （ 3.21 ）
M p    2  x  x p  
2 
Q p   pi1  x  x p  

xxp
when ,we define Specific solutions to zero.
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam
2 、 special solutions under Concentrated couple Mi.

From the particular solution

derived by the PI results, we
know that Deflection additional
item form A are similar with
Initial deflection under
parameter Q ,the difference is
just the place of starting
coordinates .
Similarly, under the
concentrated force couple Mi
the deflections additional term
also has the same form with
initial parameters of M function,
图图3.6
3.6集中力偶作用于地基梁
集中力偶作用于地基梁 as which shown in Figure 3.6,
the Mo=Mi
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam
2 、 special solutions under Concentrated couple Mi.
So we can get:
2 2 m 
y m    3  x  xm  
bk 
2 3 
m  mi  2  x  xm   x  xm 
bk

M m  mi1  x  xm  

Qm  mi 4  x  xm  


when xx m ， we define Specific solutions to zero.

4. the special solution of The differential equation
of elastic deflect foundation beam
（ 2 ） Distributed load special solutions

Load distribution can be

decomposed into a plurality of
concentrated force,
According to the concentration
force solutions,
on the left of the X section,
We choose a micro segment du
from the end of distance of u,
Micro section load is qdu,
Due to the load deflection the
图
图33.7.7分布荷载作用于地基梁
分布荷载作用于地基梁 special solution for this micro in
it on the right side of section x is
as follows:
4. the special solution of The differential equation
of elastic deflect foundation beam

（2 ） Distributed load special solutions

2qdu
dy 2   4  x u 
bk

While the special solution

caused by all the load on the
left of X section is that:
2q
x
y q  
xa bk
 4  xu  du （ 3-23 ）

The discussion of several

special cases distributed
图
图33.7.7分布荷载作用于地基梁
分布荷载作用于地基梁
load are as follows
4. the special solution of The differential equation
of elastic deflect foundation beam
1, uniform load
as is shown in picture 3.7 ， Load uniformly
distributed in the AB segment ， The OA segment
clearly does not have additional items ， when  x , x  ， a

Integral limit is ,depend on the formulate （ 3.23 ）

and （ 3.5 ）xa  x  xb

yq 
q
bk

1   1  x  x a   

2  （ 3.24
q   4  x  x a 
bk  ）

q 
M q    2   x  x 
a 
2 2
q 
Qq    2  x  x a  
2 
4. the special solution of The differential equation
of elastic deflect foundation beam
1, uniform load
when x  x b,Integral limit is (xa,xb) , depend on
the formulate （ 3.23 ） and （ 3.5 ）

yq 
q
bk
 
1  xxb  1  xxa 



2

q   4  xxb  4  xxa 
bk
 
 （ 3.25 ）

q

Mq  2 3  xxb  3  xxa 
2
 


q

Qq   2 2  xxb  2  xxa 
2


4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation
beam

When the uniform load distributed in the whole span

beam ， Integral limit is （ o 、 x ）， so we can
get:

 y q 
q
1   1  
bk

2 
    4
q
bk 
 （ 3.26 ）
q
 M q    3 
2 2 
q 
 Q    2 
q
2 
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation
beam
2 、 Triangle load distribution

As shown in Figure 3.8, the triangular load

distribute in the AB segment, so there is

x 2 qu
yq    4  x  u  du (3.27)
xa bk
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam
When xa  x  xb , Integral limit is  xa , x  ,depend on
the formulate （ 3.27 ） and  （ 3.5 ） ,we can get

q  1 
yq   xxa   2 xxa 
k xb xa   2 
q 1  
q   11 xxa  
xb xa bk    （ 3.28 ）

q 1 
Mq   3 2 xxa
xb xa 4 

q 1 
Qq   2 3 xxa
xb xa 2 
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation
beam
Whenx  x b, Integral limit is  x a , x,we
b
can also get

yq 
q 
k xb  xa   2

 xb  xa 1  xxb   1 2  xxb  2  xxa  

 


q  
q 
k xb  xa   2

 xb  xa 4  xxb   1 1  xxb  1  xxa  

 

 （ 3.29 ）

M q  2
q 
 x  x 
 b a 3  xxb 
2  xb  xa  

1
2

4  xxb  4  xxa  




Qq 
q 

 xb  xa 2  xxb   1 3  xxb  3  xxa  
2 xb  xa   2 
 


4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam
When the triangle load with full span ， the
Integral limit is （ o 、 x ） ,so we can get
q  1 
 y q  x  2 
bkl  2 
q 
  q  1   1   (3.30)
bkl

q 
 M q   
4 3 l
4


q 
 Q q   3
2 l2 
3, the special solutions of beam with full span
trapezoidal load .
As shown in Figure 3.9, the special solutions of Foundation in
trapezoidal load can be caculated by Stacking Simply formulate
(3.26) and (3.30).
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam

（ 3 ） The general solution of bending differential

equation of elastic foundation beam under the action of
o yo M o Qo pi Mi q q

图3 . 9 梯形荷载作用于地基梁

图3 . 1 0 综合荷载作用于地基梁
4. the special solution of The differential
equation of elastic deflect foundation beam
o 2Q 2p 
y  y o 1  2  o 4  i 4  x  xp  
2 bk bk 
2 2 mi q q  1  
 3  x  x m    1  1   x  2
bk bk bkl  2  

2 M o
3
2 Q o2
2 2 
   y o 4  o1  2  3  p i 3  x  xp  
bk bk bk  （ 3.31 ）
2 mi
3
2q q 

bk
2  x  x m   4 
bk bkl
 1  1  

bky o bk o Qo pi 
M      M      
2 2 3 4 3 4 o 1
2 2 2 2  x  x p 

q q 
 mi i   x  x   2 3  3 4 
m
2 4 l

bky o bk o 
Q 2  3   M o 4  Qo1  p i 1  x  x 
2 2
2 2 p 

q q 
2 mi 4  x  x m   2  3 3
2 4 l 
ELASTIC FOUNDATION BE
AM, SHORT BEAM, LONG
BEAM AND RIGID BEAM
 the results of the previous section can b
e directly used in the calculation of the geo
metry and the elastic characteristic value o
f elastic foundation beam with α. In engine
ering practice, through calculation and co
mparison and analysis ,it shows that the fo
undation beam can be classified according
to the conversion of different lengths, and
then different methods are adopted to sim
plify the calculation. the elastic foundation
beam is Usually divided into three types.
 Classification of elastic foundation
beam

 Shot beam （ Also called limited long beam ）

（ picture3.11 （ a ））， When the characterist
ic length of the beam on elastic foundation is
1 belongs
,It 2.75 to the short beam, which is the gen
eral situation of the beam on elastic foundation
。
 Classification of elastic foundation beam

 Long beam ： Infinite beam （ picture3.11 （ b ））

、 Semi-infinite beam （ picture3.11 （ c ））。 W
hen the characteristic length of the beam on elastic f
oundation is   2 .75,It belongs to the long beam ；
If distance conversion length between the load point
and beam ends is  1 ,the impact of the load on the
beam end can be ignored, this kind of beams is called
infinite beam ； If distance conversion length betwe
en the load point and beam ends is ,The
2.75 load c
an be ignored to this end, But the influence on the ot
her end can not be ignored, This kind of beams are kn
own as semi infinite beam, Infinite beam can be consi
der as two semi infinite beam.
Classification of elastic foundation beam

 The rigid beam (3.11(b)) ， When the character

istic length is  2.75
,it belongs to rigid beam. At
this moment, we can think Liang is absolutely rigi
d, so EI→∞or2→0 。
Classification of elastic foundation beam
Classification of elastic foundation beam

 The
The division
division standard
standard of of long
long beam,
beam, short
short bea
bea
mm and
and rigid
rigid beam
beam isis mainly
mainly based
based on on the
the produ
produ
ct
ct of
of the
the actual
actual length
length ofof the
the beam
beam andand the
the be
be
am
am and
and the
the relative
relative stiffness
stiffness of
of the
the foundation
foundation
,,
 Division of the purpose is to simplify the calcul
Division of the purpose is to simplify the calcul
ation.
ation.
 In fact, long beam and rigid beam can be calcu
In fact, long beam and rigid beam can be calcu
lated
lated according
according toto the
the section
section ofof the
the formula,
formula,
but
but the
the long
long beam,
beam, rigid
rigid beams
beams hashas some
some featu
featu
res
res of
of its
its own,
own, compared
compared with with short
short beam,
beam, thei
thei
rr computing
computing can can be
be further
further simplified.
simplified.
 1. Calculation of long beam
(1) The calculation of infinite beam
subjected to concentrated force Pi
As shown in Figure 3.12, the beam with
concentrated force Pi, the force point to the two
ends are meet 2  2.75 , so it can be regard as an

infinitely long beam. Because the load distributing

on the beam is q x  o ,as for the convenience of
analysis, the beam deflection equation can be
homogeneous solution form:

y  ex  A1 cosx  A2 sinx  ex  A3 cosx  A4 sinx

1. Calculation of long beam
(a) The calculation of infinite beam subjected
to concentrated force Pi
dy
 | x  o, 故A3  A4  A
Depend on dx ； and depend on
y | x    o有 : A1  A2  o
Symmetry
Considering the equilibrium conditions of ground
reaction force and external load Pi ：
2kbA  e x  cos x  sin x  dx  Pi
o
Pi
A
2kb
so （ 3.10 ） can be in the following form
Pi x
y e  cos x  sin x  （ 3.32 ）
2kb
1. Calculation of long beam
Finally can get the deflection, rotation, bending
moment and shearing force of infinite beam ：
 Pi 
y 7 
2 kb
2

 Pi  3.33 ）
   8（

kb

P
M  i 5 
4 

Pi
Q    6  图图33.1.122无限长梁作用集中力的计算
2  无限长梁作用集中力的计算

 5  e x  cos x  sin x 

 6  e x cos  x
 7  e x  cos  x  sin  x 
 8  e x sin  x
(2) calculation of infinite beam under a
concentrated couple mi

As shown in
Figure 3.13
(a) shows, the
infinite beam
subjected to
concentrated
couple

图
图33.1.133无限长梁作用集中力偶的计算
无限长梁作用集中力偶的计算
(2) calculation of infinite beam under a
concentrated couple mi

Although the point of Mi is not necessarily at the

symmetric of beams, but as long as Mi point to both
ends meet the conditions   2.75 , The MI
function, can be regarded as a symmetric point, Thus
the beam is divided into two semi infinite beam (Fig.
3.13 (b), (c)).
The symmetrical section of the antisymmetric
conditions is y | x o  o
mi
M | x o 
2
(2) calculation of infinite beam under a
concentrated couple mi
Take these in the formulate
2
（ 3.10 ） we can receive
 m
A1=A2=A3=0 and A 4 bk i ，
The deformation and internal force of the right part
of the infinite beam is that:
 2 mi 
y 8 
kb 
 3mi 
 5
kb 
 （ 3.34 ）
mi
M   6 
2

mi
Q  7 
2 
(3) calculation of initial parameters of semi
infinite beam effect
Figure (3.14) shows the semi
infinite beam ， because
q x   o y x    o

， So it can use the deflection

equation solution,but for the
purposes of macroeconomic
analysis ,the formula (3.11)
图图33.14
.14半无限长梁作用的初参数
半无限长梁作用的初参数 adopt the form as follows:

y   B1ch   B3 sh x  cos  x   B2 ch   B4 sh x  sin  x

because so we can recieve

B1chx  B3 shx  o
So B1=-B3 ， B2=-B4
B2 chx  B4 shx  o
(3) calculation of initial parameters of semi
infinite beam effect
And depend on M x  o  M o , Q x  o  Qo ,
Qo Mo
B1   
2 EI 3 2 EI 2
Mo
B2 
2 EI 2
We can finally receive
2
y   Qo 6  M o5  
bk

2 2
  Qo 7  2M o 6   （ 3.35 ）
k 
1 
M   Qo 8  M o 7  
 
Q  Qo 5  2M o8 
(3) calculation of initial parameters of semi
infinite beam effect

o so we can receiveyo
If there are yo ， o、
and M o Qo 、 ,their relationship are as follows:

2
yo    Qo  Mo 
bk
2 2
o   Qo  2Mo 
bk
(4)calculation of semi infinite beam on the trapezoidal
load

图
图33.1.155 梯形荷载作用于半无限长梁
梯形荷载作用于半无限长梁
THE CALCULATION
EXAMPLE
[ie3.1] As shown in Figure 3.17, the elastic foundation
beam with free ends, l=4m long, b=0.2m wide, EI=1333 *
103N.m2, foundation elastic compression coefficient
K=4.0 × 104kN/m3, what is the beam bending moment of
1,2 and 3 section

图
图33.1.177 弹性地基梁算例
弹性地基梁算例
 Solution ： (1) determine the type of beam
bk
 4  1.10671 / m 
4 EI
Consider the distance between Concentrated load and the
right side is 1m ，  ，2so
.75it is a short beam 。
(2) the calculation of initial parameters
ìï M o = o
on the left í bk bk pi
ïî Q o = o M 
y 
o 3   
  
o 4   
  2  3 
2 2
4 3
2
ìï M  = o
ontheright í
ïî Q  = o 
2
q
2
 3   2    3  o    o

According to equation (3.31) bk bk

in M, Q expression
Q  y o  2     o 3    pi1  3 
2 2 2


q
2
  2   2    2  o    o
According to equation (3.31) M, Q are as follows

bk bk pi
M   2 y o 3    3 o 4     2  3 
2 4 2
 2  3   2    3  o    o
q
2
bk bk
Q  y o 2    2 o 3    pi1  3 
2 2

q
2
 2   2    2  o    o
 Take these numerical into the formulate,
then receive:

32238yo 10343o  78.492  o

41601yo  29130o  99.412  o

 yo  2.4729 103  m 


 o  1.1891  104
 rad 
(3) to calculate the bending moment of the
cross section

q
M 1#  bk
yo 3 21  bk
4 3
o 4  21  
2 3 1o 
 266 N  m 
2 2 2
p
M 2#  bk
yo 3 23   bk3 o 4  23   i  2  3 3 
2 2 4 2

q
2 2
 
 3  3 2    3  3 o   8135 N  m 

pi
M 3#  2 yo 3 24   3 o 4  24  
bk bk
 2  4  3 
2 4 2

q
2 2

 3  4  2    3  4  o   o 
[ie 3.2] elastic foundation Beam DE, length L and
elasticity coefficients  are known, the load as shown in
Figure 3.18, if a DAand a CE ³ 2.75 try to find out the
deflection yi , rotation i , bending moment M i , and
shear Qi of section 。

图 .188 无限长地基梁算例
图33.1 无限长地基梁算例
The solution:(1) because  l DA  2.75and  l CE  2.75,so

it is an infinitely long beam.

(2) Try to find out the internal forces and

deformation of foundation beam under each load
Then add to obtain total force and total
deformation of foundation beam. Attention should
be paid to the situation of concentrated force, To
distinguish the section is on the left, or right, If the
section is on the left, corresponding changes sign
will be obtained.
Depend on （ 3.33 ） and （ 3.34 ） ,we can get

p  m p 2

y    a
  
7  a a 
a

8  a a 
b

 a b 
2bk bk 2bk
i 7

m q q 2

  
c
 d 8  a c 
bk bk bk 
 p  m 2
 p 3 2

      a
 8  a a 
a

5  a a 
b

8  a b 
bk bk bk
i

 m 3
q
   c

5  a c 
bk bk 
p m p m
M     a
   a b c

4 4
5  a a  6  aa  5  a b  6  a c 
2 2
i

p m p m
Q       
a

6  a a 
a

7  aa 
b

6  a b 
c

7  a c 
2 2 2 2
i
 长梁的计算
 无限长梁作用集中力 Pi 的计算
采用梁挠曲方程齐次解式，即
： ax
y  e ( A1 cos ax  A2 sin ax )  e  ax ( A3 cos ax  A4 sin ax )

由 y x    0 有 A1  A2  0
：
dy
由对称条件  有 A3  A4  A
dx x  0
：
考虑地基反力与外载的平衡条件
：
  ax
2kbA e (cos ax  sin ax)dx  Pi 无限长梁作用集中力的计算
0
 Pi a
其中： A 
2kb
Pi a  ax
化简得到 y e (cos ax  sin ax )
2kb
：

无限梁右半部分有 其中
 5  e  ax (cos ax  sin ax )
： ：
Pi  2 Pi  6  e  ax cos ax
y 7   8
2kb kb  7  e  ax (cos ax  sin ax )
Pi Pi
M 5 Q   6
 8  e  ax sin ax
4 2

对于梁的左半部分，只需将式中 Q 和  改变负号即可。
 无限长梁在集中力偶 mi 作用下的计算

反对称条件：
y x0  0
mi
M x 0

2

代入齐次微分方程通解得：

 2 mi
A1  A2  A3  0 A4 
bk

无限长梁作用集中力偶的计算
无限长梁右半部分  2 mi
的变形及内力为： y 8
kb
 3mi
 5
kb
mi
M 6
2
m i
Q 7
2
对于左半部分，只需将上式中 y 与 M 变号即可
 半无限长梁作用初参数的计算

将 y x    0代入：
y  B1chaxcosax  B2chaxsin ax  B3 sha cosax  B4 shax sin ax
得到： B1chax  B3 shax  0
B2 chax  B4 shax  0

再由：M x 0
 M 0 , Q x  0  Q0

Q0 M0
得到： B1   
2 EI 3
2 EI 2
M0
B2 
2 EI 2 半无限长梁作用的初参数
 2
最终有： y (  Q0 6  M 0 5 )
bk
2 2
 (  Q0 7  2 M 0 6 )
k
1
M  (Q0 8  2 M 0 7 )

Q  Q0 5  2M 0 8

如梁端作用有初参数 y0 , 0 , 则可得到y0 ,0 与M 0 , Q0 之间的关系

：
2 2 2
y0   (Q0  M 0 ) 0  (Q0  2M 0 )
bk bk
 半无限长梁在梯形荷载作用下的计算

q( x ) d4y
y 是齐次微分方程 EI 4  ky  q( x ) 的一个特解。
bk dx

故任一截面的变形与内力为：

q x
y 
bk bklq
q
0 
bkl
M 0
Q0 梯形荷载作用于半无限长梁
 刚性梁的计算

按静定梁的平衡条件，得到刚
性梁的变形与内力为：

y  y 0  0 x
  0
1 2 k qx 2
q 3
M  ky0 x  0 x 3
 x
2 6 2 6
1 2 q
Q  xky0  x k0  qx  x
2 2
刚性梁的计算
3.5 算例
例子 两端自由的弹性地基梁，长   4m ，宽 b  0.2m
1 EI  1333  103 N  m 2
，
K  4.0  104 kN / m 3 ，地基的弹性压缩系数
，求梁 1 、 2 、 3 截面的弯矩
(1) 判断梁的类
型
bk
 4  1.1067(1 / m )
4 EI

考虑 Pi 集中载距右端为
1m
 ，
 2.75
故属于短梁。
(2) 计算初参数
梁左端条件 M 0  0 梁右端条件 M   0
： Q0  0 ： Q  0

代入共同作用下挠曲微分方程的通解得：

M 
bk
2 2
y0 3( ) 
bk
4

3 0 4 ( )

pi
2
q
 
 2 (   3)  2  3 (   3)   3 (   0 )  0
2
Q 
bk
2
y0 2( ) 
bk
2
 
2 0 3( )
 p 
i 1 (   3 ) 
q
2
 
 2 (   2 )   2 (   0 )  0
将各数值代入后得
：
 32238 y0  103430  78.492  0
 41601y0  291300  99.412  0

解得
：
y0  2.4729  103 ( m )
0  1.1891 10 4 ( rad )
（ 3 ）计算各截面的弯
矩 bk bk q
M1号  y0 3( 21)  0 4( 21)  2  3(10 )  266（ N  m）
2 2 4 3 2
bk bk pi
M 2号  y 
0 3( 23 )   
3 0 4( 23 )
  2 ( 3 3)
2 2
4 2


q
2 2
 
 3 ( 3 2 )   3 ( 3 0 )  8135（ N  m ）

bk bk pi
M 3号  y0 3( 24 )  
3 0 4 ( 2 4 )
  2 ( 4 3)
2 2
4 2


q
2 2
 
 3 ( 4 2 )   3 ( 4 0 )  0
例子 2

长度 λ 及弹性特征系数 α ，作用荷载如图，如果  DA CE

和
均 2.75，求 i 截面的yi、i、M i 和Qi。

（ 1 ）由于DA  2.75 CE  2.75

故为无限长梁。

（ 2 ）求出每一荷载单独作用下
地基梁的内力和变形，然后再叠
加求总内力和变形。
 pa  2 ma pb  2 mc q q
yi   7 ( a a )   8( a a )   7 ( a b )   8( a c )   d
2bk bk 2bk bk bk bk
 2 pa  3 ma  2 pb  3mc q
i    8( a a )   5( a a )   8( a b )   5( a c )  d
bk bk bk bk bk
p m p m
M i   a  5( a a )  a  6 ( a  a )  b  5( a b )  c  6 ( a c )
4 2 4 2
pa m a pb mc
Qi    6 ( a  a )   7 ( a a )   6 ( a b )   7( a c )
2 2 2 2

对于集中力作用情况，要分清所求截面是作用点左边还是右边，
如所求截面在作用点左边，则需将所求得的相应项改变符号。
 3.4.5 Semi-infinite beam with finite end fre
e and under concentrated force and couple
;
 3.4.6 Semi infinite beam, the distance a at
the beam, concentrated force or couple.
 3.4.7 Semi-infinite beam, finite end hinged
, full-length under uniform load
 3.4.8 Semi infinite beam, finite length is fix
ed, under uniform load
 3.4.9 A calculation of internal forces of bea
m and counter force of foundation with sid
e load
§2.5 THE CALCULATION OF FINITE LONG BEAMS
The calculation
F
steps
（ 1 ） The M
梁I
superposition method
to calculate the A B
l
bending moment and
shear force. FA FB
F
corresponding to the MA M MB
梁 II
I A B section at both
ends of the beam A B
l
caused by a vertical
load on the beam II
(2) Find out the calculation of boundary
condition force of FA, MA and FB, MB;
making the bending moment and shear
force to be zero.

(3) Try to calculate the internal force and disp

lacement of the cross-section II correspondin
g to the I of beam on the action of the intera
ction between boundary conditional stress a
nd a known load.
The solution finite length beam

1 、 The finite length beam A B

is considered as an infinite
PA PB
beam,Solve all concentrated MA A B MB
forces and moments under
the action of internal force
of A, B, and the
superposition are as follows:

Ma Va Mb Vb
2, at the infinite beam A, B is applied boundary
condition force MA, PA, MB, PB ,at the end of beam ,
the force ofA, B is, -Ma, -Va, -Mb, -Vb

 PA PB MA MB
 4  4 Cl  2  2 Dl   M a
 P P M A M B
 A
 B
Dl   Al  Va
 2 2 2 2
 P PB M A MB
 A
Cl   Dl   M b
 4 4 2 2
 PA PB M A M B
 2 Dl  2  2 Al  2  Vb
 solving the above equation can be as follows:

 PA (El Fl Dl )Va (El Fl Al )Ma (Fl ElDl )Vb (Fl El Al )Mb
 Va Vb
MA (El FlCl ) (El FlDl )Ma (Fl ElCl ) (Fl ElDl )Mb
2 2
 P (F ED)V (F EA)M (E FD)V (E FA)M
 B l l l a l l l a l l l b l l l b

 M (F EC) Va (F ED)M (E FC) Vb (E FD)M

 B l l l 2 l l l a l l l 2 l l l b
Al  el (cosl  sinl) Dl  el cosl Cl  el (cosl  sinl)
2el sh l 2el sin l
El  2 ， Fl  2
sh l  sin l
2
sin l  sh2 l

3, Calculate the displacement

and internal force of the load
on the beam and the A B
interaction force of two PA PB
boundary infinite long beam on MA MB

the key position on the infinite A B

foundation beam.
MA MB

A B
1,the finite length beam is considered as an infinite
beam, solve all the action of internal force under the
concentrated forces and moments of A, B, and the
superposition is as follows:

Ma Va Mb Vb
2,at the infinite beam A, B is applied boundary condition
force MA, PA, MB, PB ,at the end of beam , the force ofA,
B is, -Ma, -Va, -Mb, -Vb

3, Calculate the displacement and internal force of the

load on the beam and the interaction force of two
boundary infinite long beam on the key position on the
infinite foundation beam.
§2.6 CALCULATION OF RIGID BE
AM
 Calculation of rigid beam
As shown in Figure 3.16, beam, at the yo o
end of foundation beam there are effect
of initial parameters and
And loads of trapezoidal distribution,
Obviously, ground reaction force is
trapezoidal distribution, According to the
equilibrium condition of statically
determinate beam, we can get the
deformation and internal forces of rigid
beam:

y  y o  o x 
  o 

1 2 k qx 2 q 3 
M  kyo x  o x  3
 x 
2 6 2 6 
1 2 q 
Q  xyo k  x ko  qx  x 
2 2 
（ 3.37 ） 图
图33.1.166刚性梁的计算
刚性梁的计算
Calculation of rigid beam
As shown in Figure 3.16,
beam, at the end of
foundation beam there are
effect of initial parameters
and yo o
And loads of trapezoidal
distribution,Obviously, ground
reaction force is trapezoidal
distribution, According to the
equilibrium condition of
statically determinate beam,
we can get the deformation
and internal forces of rigid
beam:
图
图33.1.166刚性梁的计算
刚性梁的计算
1 SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION MET
HOD
 Assuming that the base pressure is linea
r distribution, using static analysis or th
e inverted beam method as calculating
methods 。
 Simplified calculation method meets the
condition of static equilibrium, which is
the most common design method 。
1 SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION MET
HOD
 A simplified method is applicable to the
situation of Column under uniform load,
The distance between two column are si
milar, The stiffness of foundation are re
latively larger than the soil’s, So that th
e settlement between columns of non-u
niform can be ignored 。
 The static analysis method is applied to
the situation that the upper structure st
iffness is very small 。
 Inverted beam method assumes that the
superstructure rigid 。
INVERTED BEAM METHOD (ASSUMIN
G THE UPPER STRUCTURE IS RIGID)
 (1). To determine the length of foundation L ac
cording to the layout and structure of columns,
to determine the bottom area of foundation be
aring capacity of foundation and the foundatio
n of A, width B=A/L and sectional resistance m
oment according to the characteristics of value
。
 (2) calculating the net reaction of the foundati
on slab by the linear distribution assumptions
 INVERTED BEAM METHOD (ASSUMIN
G THE UPPER STRUCTURE IS RIGID)
 (4)In a continuous beam analysis, moment dis
tribution method, continuous beam coefficien
t table method are used.
 (5)section design was obtained by the internal
force of beam 。
 (6)The design of the wing plate of internal for
ce and cross section is same as Spread founda
tion.
Using the condition of static equilibrium
to find out the internal force of strip
foundation

Condition: the strip foundation, bottom width

1m, the rest of the data is shown in Fig.
Requirement: (1) when X1 = 0.5m, the total
length of the foundation is 1m,Requirements of
subgrade reaction is uniform distribution 。

(2) the internal force of AB span according to

the condition of static equilibrium 。

554kN 1740kN 1754kN 960kN

A B C D

x1 4.2m 6.0m 4.5m x2

14.7m
SOLUTION ：
1 determine the foundation area
960  14.7  1754  10.2  1740  4.2
x  7.85m
960  1754  1740  554

x2  2  (7.85  0.5)  (14.7  0.5)  1.5m

The total
length is l  14.7  0.5  1.5  16.7m

2 determining the stress surface anti

base
p
 F
 300kN / m
1 l
3 calculating internal force according to
the condition of static equilibrium
M A  38kN  m M 1  234kN  m
V A左  150kN M B  987kN  m
V A右  404kN VB左  856kN

0.5m 4.2m 6.0m 4.5m 1.5m VB右  884kN

554kN 1740kN 1754kN 960kN

A B C D
§2.7 BIDIRECTIONAL FOUNDATION
BEAM
The condition of
static
equilibrium
Deformation
compatibility
condition

ix
FFF
i i
y


ix iy
1The column node

Fi Fi Fi
y x x x
x i i
x i

y
y y
 F Fi

ix  ix
Z
x S 
1 4

EIx
y x
2k
b S
x x x

4
k
b
x x x i

F y

iy 
iy
Z 1 4 EIy
Sy 4
y
2
kbySy
y k
by

Z x  1  e 2 x x (1  2cos 2 x x  2cos x x sin x x)

ix  iy Zb
yxSx
x
F
i Fi
ZbS
yx xZbS
xy y
Fi  Fix  Fiy
Zb
xySy
y
F
i Fi
Zb
yxSx
ZbS
xy y
 Fi
x
4bS
x
i F
i
x  x x
Fi
4bS Z b S
Zy  4 xx xy y

y ZbS
xy y
y
F
i Fi
4
bS
x x
Z b
xySy

Fi
x bS
F
ix x x
Fi
i b
xSx bySy

Zx  Zy  4 bS
y y
y iy
F Fi
b
xSxb
ySy
2 The side column node

Fi
bS
x F
i
x  x x
Fi
x i bS
x xZ b
xySy
Zy 1
Zb
xySy
y
F F
y i i
b
xSx
Z b
xySy

Fi
bS
x F
i
x  x x
Fi
i bS
xx4b S
yy

Z x  4, Z y  1 4
bS
y y
y iy
F Fi
b
xSx
4bySy
3 The inside column node

Fi
b S
x F
ix x x
Fi
i bS
xx b S
y y

Z x  1, Z y  1 b
ySy
y iy
F Fi
b
xSxb
ySy

question ：

How to determine Cross shaped strip

foundation area fastly?
 在如图所示的交梁基础上，已知节点集中荷载
P1=1500kN ， P2=2200kN ， P3=2400kN ， P
4=3000kN ，地基基床系数 k=6000kN/m 3
，E
I
c x=7.60×105kN·m 2
， E I
c y=3.60x105kN·m 2
。
试将节点荷载在两个方向进行分配（图中单位
为 mm ）。
§3.8 热莫契金弹性地基梁理论

把地基看作半无限均质弹性体，用弹性理论
来计算弹性地基梁的地基反力。

例题 P87
ENGINEERING EXAMPLE OF STRIP FOUN
DATION
THE CROSS BEAM FOUNDATION 1
交梁基础 2 实例