FUNCTIONS IN

THE
SENTENCE
What is a grammatical category?

e.g., Determiner,
A word with little Quantifier,
Auxiliary,
meaning Coordinator, and
Complementizer
What is a lexical category?

A word with lexical meaning,

such as such as a Noun, Verb,
Adjective, and Preposition
functions in the sentence

•Indirect
•Direct object
object
•Object of
•Object the
Preposition

•Subject
predicate (or
•Predicate subject
complement
)

•Object
predicate (or
•Subject Functions object
complement
)
 What is a subject?
A subject is the person or thing that is doing an action,
or the person or thing that is the focus of the sentence.

 What is a Predicate?
 Is the part that contains the action in the sentence.
Examples

 Mr. Smith took a walk.

 The dentist pulled out a tooth.

 The pig with the big snout slobbered on a kid.

 Predicate
Subject
Verb Object
Leila wrote the poem
 An OBJECT in grammar is a part of a
sentence, and often part of the 
predicate. It refers to someone or
something involved in the subject's
"performance" of the verb. It is what the
verb is being done to.
Direct object

A direct object answers the question "what?" or

"who?"
 Examples:

 David repaired his car → his car is the direct

object of the verb repaired. ( What did David repair?)

 He invited Mary to the party → Mary is the direct

object of the verb invited. (Who did he invite?)
 Indirect Object

 An indirect object answers the question "to whom?", "for

whom?“

 An indirect object is the recipient of the direct object, or

an otherwise affected participant in the event.

 There must be a direct object for an indirect object to be

placed in a sentence. In other words an indirect object
cannot exist without a direct object.
 Examples

 They sent him a postcard - 

 him is the indirect object of the verb sent. (To whom did
they send a postcard?)

 He bought his son a bike - 

 his son is the indirect object of the verb bought. (For
whom did he buy a bike?)
 Object of the Preposition

 Theobject of a preposition is the noun or pronoun

governed by a preposition. The object of a
preposition is usually (but not always) the noun or
pronoun to the right of the preposition.
Examples

 We drove to the store.

 There is a woman beside the big man.

 He lived down the street.

 Complement

 Complement is the term used for a word or

words that are needed to complete the
meaning of an expression.
2 types of Complement

 Subject Complement

 Object Complement
 A subject complement is a word or phrase that follows a linking verb and
identifies or describes the subject. Subject
 An object complement is a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective that follows a Object
direct object to rename it or state what it has become.
Complem
ent
1. Leaves fell.  (Subject)
2. We raked the leaves. (Direct Object)
3. Charlie showed me the leaves on the ground. (
Indirect Object)
4. Charlie walked on the leaves. (Object of Preposition
)
5. Charlie put them in the leaf bin. (Modifier)
Tell if the words in bold are
SUBJECT, DIRECT OBJECT OR INDIRECT OBJECT


1.She sent her friend an email .   
2.Sally will help you with your housework.    
3.Where did you put the keys?   
4.He gave them a bag full of money.   
5.Alice wrote a book on the French revolution .   
6.I need your help.   
7.He offered her a flower.   
8.My father bought us a new TV set.   
9.John sold me his car.   
10.I wish you good luck .
 1.She sent her friend an email .   INDIRECT OBJECT
 2.Sally will help you with your housework. DIRECT OBJECT   
 3.Where did you put the keys?   SUBJECT
 4.He gave them a bag full of money.   INDIRECT OBJECT
 5.Alice wrote a book on the French revolution .   SUBJECT
 6.I need your help.   DIRECT OBJECT
 7.He offered her a flower.   DIRECT OBJECT
 8.My father bought us a new TV set.  INDIRECT OBJECT 
 9.John sold me his car.   DIRECT OBJECT
 10.I wish you good luck . INDIRECT OBJECT
TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERB

Action Verbs
Action verbs are words that express
action (give, eat, walk, etc.) or
possession (have, own, etc.)
 Action verbs can be either transitive
or intransitive.
 TRANSITIVE VERBS

 A transitive verb always has a noun that receives

the action of the verb, called the direct object.
 EXAMPLE: Laurissa raises her hand. The verb is
raises. Her hand is the object receiving the verb’s
action.
 Therefore, raises is a transitive verb.
 S-TV-DO
 Transitive verbs sometimes have indirect
objects, which name the object to whom or
for whom the action was done.
 EXAMPLE: Abdus gave Becky the pencil.
 The pilot landed the antique airplane.
INTRANSITIVE VERBS

Action verbs that do not have a

direct object.
Example: The pilot landed
carefully.
  
 A linking verb is a verb that links
(connects) the subject of the sentence
to information about that
subject.   Linking verbs do not describe
What are action. When using linking verbs, the
sentence structure will
LINKING verbs? be : SUBJECT--->LINKING VERB---
>  INFORMATION ABOUT THE
SUBJECT (noun)(verb)(adjective, noun,
or complement)
 1.A transitive verb
2.An intransitive verb
Define and 3.A ditransitive verb
give example
4.A monotransitive verb
of:
5.A complex transitive verb

6.A copula verb