Mathematics & Computer

Programming

Toqeer Mahmood
Dept. of Civil Engg.
UET, Taxila
Lecture
#
05
“Switch” Statement
“Switch statement” is used as a substitute
of “nested if-else”
In “Switch statement” only one condition
is given.
Multiple choices are given inside the
main body as “Cases” in the “switch
statement”
It evaluates an expression and returns a
value.
“Switch” Statement
“switch statement” is executed depending
upon the value returned by the expression.
The returned value is compared with the
constant values given in the cases.
If the returned value matches the case
value, the statements under that “case” are
executed.
“Switch” Statement
Syntax:


switch(expression)
{
case const-1:
statement/s;
break;
case const-2:
statement/s;
break;
………………..
………………..
case const-n:
statement/s;
break;
default:
statement/s;
}
“Switch” Statement
where
◦ const-1, const-2 etc. are numeric constants or
character constants.
◦ Keyword “default” is also used in the
statement.
◦ If any of the case does not match then the
statement/s under the default executes.
“Break” Statement
The “break” statement is used to exit
from the body of the switch structure or
from the loop structure.
It is used after the end of statement in the
case.
If it is not used then the statements of
other cases that come after the matching
case will also be executed.
Sample program (Even/Odd)
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
clrscr()
cout<<“Enter any number = ”;
cin>>n;
switch (n%2)
{
case 0:
cout<<“The input number is EVEN”;
break;
case 1:
cout<<“The input number is ODD”;
break;
}
cout<<“End of the program”<<endl;
getch();
}
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine
relational expression or relational conditions.
The expression containing logical operators
is called logical expression or logical
condition.
It is also called compound condition or
compound expression.
The output of the logical expression is either
TRUE or FALSE.
Logical Operators
&& AND operator

|| OR operator

! NOT operator
AND operator
The && (AND) operator is used to
combine two or more relational
expressions.
If all expressions are true then the output
returned by the compound expression is
TRUE.
If any one of the relational expression in
the compound expression is false the
output is false.
AND operator (Program)
 Write a program to find out the largest number from three input numbers.
#include <iostream.h>
#inlcude <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c;
cout<<“Enter Ist value =”; cin>>a;
cout<<“Enter 2nd value =”; cin>>b;
cout<<“Enter 3rd value =”; cin>>c;
if ((a>b) && (a>c))
cout << “Ist value is greater”;
else if ((b>a) && (b>c))
cout << “2nd value is greater”;
else
cout <<“3rd value is greater”;
getch();
}
OR operator
The || (OR) operator is used to combine more than one
relational expression.
If any one of the given relational expressions is true,
the output will be true other wise the output will false.

e.g.

if ((age>60) || (job_length>30))
cout << “Retire from the job”;
else
cout<<“Continue the job”;
! (Not) Operator
It inverts the value returned by the
relational expression or the compound
expression.
e.g.
If x=5 and y=10 then the logical
expression ! (x>y) returns TRUE.
Because (x>y) returns false and the “!”
(NOT) operator inverts the result into
TRUE.
! (Not) Operator (Program)
Write a program to find out the greater value from two input values.

#include <iostream.h>
#inlcude <conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b;
cout<<“Enter Ist value =”; cin>>a;
cout<<“Enter 2nd value =”; cin>>b;

! (a<b) ? cout << “Ist value is greater” : cout << “2nd value is greater”;

getch();
}
“goto” statement
The “goto” statement is an unconditional
control transfer statement.
It is used to transfer the control to a specified
label in the same program without evaluating
any condition.
Syntax:
goto label;
where;
“Label” represents that label in the program to
which the control is to be transferred.
“goto” statement
Write a program to print first ten natural numbers. Use “goto” and
“if” statement.

#include <iostream.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int c = 1;
abc:
cout << c <<endl;
c++;
if (c<=10) goto abc;
}
Lab work
Write a program to input 2 integers to perform arithmetic operation by using
switch statement.
*****************************
* 1. Addition *
* 2. Subtraction *
* 3. Multiplication *
* 4. Division *
* 5. Remainder *
*****************************
Addition of the number = 10 (say….)

Write a program to input a number and generate table with that input number
(using goto statement)
Output as 2 x 1 = 2
2x2=4
………..
2 x 10 = 20
Lab work
Write a program to input a single
character and print a message “it is
vowel” if the input is vowel otherwise
print message “it is not a vowel”.
Write a program to input a single digit
from 0 to 9 and print the input value in
words. E.g. if the input value is 0 then
print “ZERO” etc.