Moral and

non-moral
standards
 No talking while your mouth is full.
 Do not lie.
 Wear black or white while mourning; never red.
 The males should be the one to propose the marriage not
females. Classify the
Don’t steal.
following into


 Observe correct grammar when writing or speaking English.

 Submit school requirements on time. groups: moral
If you are a male, stay by the danger side (roadside) when
standards and

walking with a female.



Go with the fashion or you are not “in”.
Don’t cheat others.
non-moral
 Don’t kill. standards
 When you speak pronounce words correctly.
 Focus the microscope correctly.
 Maintain a 36-24-36 body figure
 The term “ethics” comes from the Greek
word “ethos” meaning "customed”/
“characteristic way of acting”

Etymology
Latin equivalent “mos” or “mores”
and Meaning “Tradition”

of Ethics
Ethics or moral philosophy, is a branch of
philosophy which deals with moral standard,
inquiries about the rightness or wrongness
of human behavior or the goodness or
badness of personality, traits or character.
  Moral standards are those concerned with
or relating to human behavior , especially
the distinction between good and bad
Moral behavior. Moral standards involves the rules
Standards or people have about the kinds of actions they
Moral believe are morally right and wrong.
 Stealing
Frameworks  Killing
and Non-Moral  Telling lies
Standards  Adultery

 Environment preservation
 Helping others
 Giving what is due
 consequences standards
 The consequence standards depend on results,
outcome. An act that results in the general welfare,
in the greatest good of the greatest number, is moral.
Moral
 non-consequence standards Standards or
 The non-consequence standards are based on the Moral
natural law. Natural law is the law of God revealed
through human reason. It is the law of God written Frameworks
in the hearts of men.
and Non-Moral
 Non-moral standards are social rules,
demands of etiquette and good manners. They Standards
are guides of action which should be followed
as expected by society. Sometimes they may
not be followed or some people may not
follow them.
 Consequence (teleological, from tele which
means end, result, or consequence)
standard states that an act is right or wrong
depending on the consequences of the act,
that is, the good that is produced in the
world.
Classification of
 Not-only-consequence standard
(deontological), holds that the rightness or
the Theories of
wrongness of an action or rule depends on Moral
sense of duty, natural law, virtue and the Standards
demand of the situation or circumstances.
The rightness or wrongness of an action
does not only depend or rely on the
consequence of that action or following that
rule.
 What Makes Standards Moral?

 For theists, believers in God's existence, moral standards are

commandments of God revealed to man through prophets.
 For non-theists, God is not the source of morality. Moral standards are
based on the wisdom of sages like Confucius or philosophers like
Immanuel Kant.
 Confucius taught the moral standard, "Do unto others what you like others to do unto
you" and persuaded people to follow this rule because it is the right way, the
gentleman's way.

 Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher, formulated a criterion for determining what
makes a moral standard moral. It is stated as follows: "Act only according to that
maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law."
 The theistic line of thought states moral
standards are of divine origin while 20th century
thinkers claim state that they simply evolved.
The issue is: Are moral standards derived from
God, communicated to man through signs or
revelation, or did they arise in the course of The Origin of
man's evolution? Moral
 With the Divine source concept, moral standards Standards:
are derived from natural law, man's
"participation in the Divine law. The moral Theist and Non-
principle "Do good and avoid evil" is an Theist
expression of natural law, Man's obliging
himself to respect the life, liberty, and property
of his fellowman arises from the God-given
sacredness, spirituality, and dignity of his fellow
man. It arises from his faith, hope, and love of
God and man
 Are these theist and non-theist (evolutionary)
origin of moral standards reconcilable?
 The evolutionist claims that altruism, a sense of morality, can be observed
from man's fellow primates the apes and monkeys and, therefore, it can be
said that the altruism of human persons evolved from the primates. However,
the evolutionist cannot satisfactorily argue, with factual evidence, that the
rudiments of moral standards can be observed from the primates. Neither can
it be scientifically established that the theist view, that man's obliging himself
to avoid evil, refrain from inflicting harm on his fellowman, is a moral
principle implanted by God in the hearts of men. But the concept of creation
and evolution are not necessarily contradictory. The revelation of the norms
of Divine origin could not have been instant, like a happening in one fell
swoop." It could have happened gradually as man evolved to differ from the
other primates. As the evolutionists claim, creation may be conceived as a
process of evolution. Hence, the biblical Story of creation could have
happened in billions of years instead of six days.