ELECTRICAL MACHINE 1

ENGR. MANDY YSMAEL SOBREPEÑA

INSTRUCTOR
 GROUP 7 SELF – EXCITED DC
GENERATOR
Members:
• Janh Zoo G. Cajilig
• Karl John F. Nonaillada
• Hanes Robert Magtiza
• Mhenark John B. Togonon
• Jericho Sorilla
• George Nicko Y Tejeras
• Larry Boy Flores
• Rheck Galuno Gajo
DC GENERATOR
GENERATORS
• A device for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• Electric generator, also called dynamo
• produce the electrical power required for automobiles, aircraft, ships,
and trains.
DC GENERATORS
DC GENERATOR
D.C GENERATOR
PARTS:
Yoke
Poles
Winding
Armature
Commutator
Brushes
SELF-EXCITED DC
GENERATOR
 SELF-EXCITED DC GENERATOR
• Modern DC generators
• A device, in which the current to the field winding is supplied by
the generator itself.
• The field coils may be connected in parallel with the armature in
the series
• It may be connected partly in series and partly in parallel with the
armature windings.
• also known as DC Shunt Generator
(A)CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND (B) LOAD
CHARACTERISTICS OF SHUNT WOUND DC GENERATOR
 LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF
SHUNT WOUND DC GENERATOR
• The field current is varied without applying load
and the induced emf is measured. In practical
cases, an increase in load will cause the terminal
voltage to drop. Some voltage drops in the
generated emf Eg due to armature reaction and so
the characteristics also drop a little. It is called
internal characteristics or total characteristics and
shown as a curved line AC.

• While plotting the terminal voltage against the

load current, the curve drops further due to
armature resistance. It is called as external
characteristics and is shown as a curved line AD.
THREE TYPES OF SELF-EXCITED DC
GENERATORS

• Series Wound Generators

• Shunt Wound Generators
• Compound Wound Generators
COMPOUND WOUND GENERATORS

• Generator which has both shunt and

series fields
• If the magnetic flux produced by the
series winding assists the flux
produced by the shunt winding, then
the machine is said to be cumulative
compounded.
• Long Shunt Compound DC Generator
• Short Shunt Compound DC Generator
SHORT SHUNT COMPOUND WOUND DC
GENERATOR
• Short Shunt Compound
Wound DC Generators are
generators where only the
shunt field winding is in
parallel with the armature
winding.
• Series field current is equal to,

• Shunt field current is equal to,

• Armature current is equal to,

• Voltage across the load is equal to,

• Power generated is equal to,

• Power delivered to the load is equal to,

 TORQUE DEVELOPMENT

• Formula:
 SPEED REGULATION
The speed regulation is defined as the change in speed from no load to full load, expressed as a fraction or
percentage of full load speed.
LONG SHUNT
COMPOUND WOUND
DC GENERATOR

• generators where the

shunt field winding is in
parallel with both series
field and armature
winding
• Shunt field current is equal to,

• Armature current, Ia = series field current,

• Voltage across the load is equal to
• Power generated is equal to,

• Power delivered to the load is equal to

ADVANTAGES OF COMPOUND DC
GENERATOR
• In compound generator, the armature voltage
decreases automatically, when load current
increases, due to which magnetic field
produced by shunt winding decreases. But the
same increase in load current flows through the
series winding causes an increase in the
magnetic field. So the decrease in magnetic
field in the shunt field is compensated by
increase in magnetic field in series field. In his
manner, the output voltage remains constant as
shown in figure.
 DC GENERATOR CAN GENERATE SOME
DISADVANTAGES AS WELL
• DC generators can't be applied to a transformer.
• DC generators have low efficiency because there are copper losses, eddy current losses,
hysteresis losses, and mechanical losses.
• A voltage drop over long distances would occur.
 APPLICATIONS OF DC GENERATORS
• These generators are used to charge batteries, provide lighting and provide excitation
to alternators.
• They are used to provide field excitation current for regenerative braking in DC
locomotives.
• They are used in DC motors where speed control is necessary.
• They are used as portable generators where low power supply is required.
• They are used in motorcycles as dynamos, in toys such as remote control cars and in
appliances such as electric shavers.
 PARALLEL OPERATION OF DC GENERATORS
• In modern power system, power is usually supplied by many synchronous generators
connected in parallel which helps to maintain continuity of plant operations. Now a day’s,
isolated one large generator is outdated. When we connect two generators in parallel, they
have a tendency to remain in step. By doing some changes in their armature current and by
connecting generators properly to the existing bus bar, this problem could be solved.
 CONNECTION OF PARALLEL DC
GENERATORS
• Field current I given by • Where, Ra is resistance of armature
winding.
 LOAD SHARING OF PARALLEL
CONNECTED DC GENERATORS
• The load gets shifted to another generator by
adjusting induced e.m.f., but in modern power
plant, everything has been done by
“sychroscope” which gives instruction to
governor of the prime mover. Let us suppose that
two generator having different load voltage. Then
the load sharing between these generators will be
• The value of current output depends upon the
values of E1 and E3 which could be managed by
field rheostats to keep the bus-bars voltage
constant.
CASES
• Case I: With external characteristics given (kW Rating, voltage rating, regulation, etc.)

• Case II: With internal characteristics given (generated emf, resistances of windings, etc.)
ADVANTAGES OF PARALLEL OPERATION OF
DC GENERATORS
• Cost Effectiveness:- Electric power cost reduces when generator produce electricity
according to their capacity and easily manage demand and supply requirement. If there is
less requirement of power, one or more units can be taken on hold or startup visa versa.

• Smooth Supply of Power:- In case of breakdown of generator, the supply of power will not
get disrupted. If something goes wrong in one generator, the continuity of power can be
continued by other healthy units.
ADVANTAGES OF PARALLEL OPERATION OF
DC GENERATORS
• Easy to Maintain:- The routine maintenance of generator is required time to time. But for
that supply of power cannot be obstructed. In parallel generators the routine checkup could
be done one by one.

• Easy to Increase Plant Capacity:- The demand of electricity is increasing day by day. To
meet the requirement of power generation, additional new unit can run paralleled with the
running units.
PRECAUTIONS DURING PARALLEL
CONNECTION
• The specification of each generator is different from one another. When they are
synchronized together, their speed are locked into the overall speed of the system.
• The entire load of the system should be distributed in all the generators.
• There should be a controller for keeping check on parameters of the engine. This can be
done with modern digital controllers which are available in market.
• Voltage regulation in the whole system plays an important role. In case of voltage drop in
one unit compare with other units, end up bearing the whole voltage load of the system of
parallel generators.
• While connecting terminals to the bus-bars, extra precaution should be made. If generator is
connected with wrong polarity of the bar, it may result to a short circuit.
REFFERENCE
• https://www.electrical4u.com/self-excited-generators
• https://www.electrical4u.com/types-of-dc-generators
• https://circuitglobe.com/compound-wound-generator.html#:~:text=In%20other%20words%2C%20the%20generator,said%20to%20be%2
0cumulative%20compounded
.
• https://www.electrically4u.com/characteristics-of-self-excited-dc-generator/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP0i5BG6gpQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ctQFlvOcy28
• https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/productline/power-generation/dc-generators-gensets-that-are-very-reliable-with-efficienc
y-ratings-of-85-95/articleshow/69054755.cms
• https://www.electrical4u.com/parallel-connection-of-dc-generator
• https://teacherjpt.files.wordpress.com/2018/08/5-parallel-operation-of-dc-generators.pdf
• https://youtu.be/ZVqAuREXuRk
• https://youtu.be/-0dICzBRhqA
THANK YOU!!