Theoretical Foundations in

Nursing

First Semester SY 2021 – 2022

First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, 2021)

Dr. Elena M. Valdez

 Theoretical Foundations in
Nursing

Unit
First I. Evolution
Semester SY 2021 –of Nursing
2022
First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, 2021)

Dr. Elena M. Valdez

Why is it important for nurses to understand the history of
nursing?
TheoreticalWell-established
Foundations history that in
Nursing
support professional identity

History allows first hand information

about nursing history
First Semester SY 2021 – 2022
First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, beginning
To gain 2021) knowledge to
knowledge to problems currently
affecting the profession.

Dr. Elena M. Valdez

Nursing evolution will also provide strength to uphold
and value nursing.
 Placing a thread wet with
Theoretical Foundations
saliva on the forehead to in
Nursing
get rid of hiccup.

First Semester SY 2021 – 2022

First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, 2021)
Lying or sleeping with
“Usog” wet hair
Dr. Elena M. Valdez
 Theoretical Foundations in the
Not patting dry
Washing sweaty hands Nursing
perspiration
can lead to spasmodic
hands or pasma. 
First Semester SY 2021 – 2022
First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, 2021)

Frog urine causes

Dr. Elena M. Valdez warts.
 Theoretical Foundations in
Nursing
Early Hospitals during the Spanish Regime
First Semester SY 2021 – 2022
First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, 2021)

Dr. Elena M. Valdez

 Theoretical Foundations in
Nursing

First Semester SY 2021 – 2022

First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, 2021)

Build in Cebu in 1565, “the first hospital in the Philippines” but was relocated
in now Pasay, Manila. Established mainly to care for the Spanish king’s
soldiers, but alsoDr. Elena
admitted Spanish M. Valdez
civilians; founded by Gov. Francisco de
Sande. The hospital was destroyed due to an earthquake last June 3, 1863.
 Theoretical Foundations in
Nursing

First Semester SY 2021 – 2022

First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, 2021)
Established by Fray Juan Clemente year 1586, which tended the sick for
physical and spiritual needs. It also provided free medical supplies such as
oils, herbs, and ointments, and medical supplies to other infirmaries and
hospitals. TheDr. Elena
said hospital M. Valdez
was destroyed two times by the fire and was
reconstructed that lead to the development of SLH.
 Theoretical Foundations in
Nursing

First Semester SY 2021 – 2022

First Cluster (August 16 to October 15, 2021)

Founded in 1578 by Brother Juan Clemente, exclusively for patients with

leprosy. Today, it is a tertiary health facility in Manila and a referral facility
for communicableDr. Elena
diseases funded M. Valdez
by Philippine national government.
The hospital was established last 1590 in Laguna by Brother J. Bautista,
that caters to poor Filipino people. Fray Juan Bautista named after its
location (near spring) because people believed that spring has a healing
power.
 San Juan de dios Hospital

(1596) Founded by the Brotherhood of Misericordia and administered by the Hospitaliers

of San Juan de Dios; support was delivered from alms and rents; rendered general health
service to the public. Today this hospital became an educational foundation dedicated to
help the poor.
Prominent personages involved during the Philippine
Revolution

Josephine Bracken – wife of Jose Rizal installed a

field hospital in an estate in Tejeros that provided
nursing care to the wounded.
 Rose Sevilla de Alvaro – converted
their house into quarters for Filipino
soldiers during the Philippine-
American War in 1899.

Hilaria de Aguinaldo - wife of Emilio Auinaldo

organized the Filipino Red Cross
 Melchora Aquino – nursed the
wounded Filipino soldiers, gave them
shelter and food.

Agueda Kahabagan – a revolutionary leader in

Laguna also provided nursing services to her troops.
Trinidad Tecson (Ina ng Biak na Bato) –
stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to
care for the wounded soldiers.
 Schools of Nursing

Iloilo Mission Hospital Training School of Nursing (Iloilo, 1906)

First hospital for the soldiers and constabulary during the American regime. In 1907, it formally changed
its name to Union Mission Hospital when the Baptists joined the Presbyterians in administering the
hospital as their joint-mission healthcare institution for medical work in Visayas.

It was later ceded to the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society in 1925. In 1931, the hospital moved
to its present site in the district of Iloilo City, thus later in 1932, it was renamed to Iloilo Mission Hospital
alongside with its nursing school.
Saint Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing (Manila, 1907)

Established by the Archbishop of Manila, Jeremiah Harty under the supervision of the Sisters of St. Paul de
Chartres located in Intramuros. It provided general hospital services.

It opened its training school for nurses in 1908, with Mother Melanie as superintendent and Miss Chambers
as Principal.
Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing (Manila, 1907)
Began in 1901 as a small dispensary for Civil officers and Employees in the City of Manila and later
grew as a Civil Hospital.

In 1906, Mary Coleman Masters, an educator advocated for the idea of training
Filipino girls for the profession of nursing.

Mary Coleman Masters first opened a dormitory for Girls enrolled at the Philippine Normal Hall
and the University of the Philippines with the approval of Government officials.
St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing (Quezon City, 1907)
An Episcopalian Institution began as a small dispensary in 1903. In 1907, the school opened with three
girls admitted. These three girls had their first year in combined classes with the PGH School of Nursing
and St. Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing.

Miss Helen Hicks was the first principal. Mrs. Vitaliana Beltran was the first Filipino superintendent of
nurses and Dr. Jose Fores was the first medical director of the hospital.
Mary Johnston Hospital and School of Nursing (Manila, 1907)
It started as a small dispensary on Calle Cervantes (now Avenida). It was called the Bethany Dispensary
and funded by the Methodist Mission for the relief of suffering among women and children.

In 1907, Sister Rebecca Parrish together with registered nurses Rose Dudley and Gertude Dreisbach,
organized the Mary Johnston School of Nursing. The nurses’ training course began with three Filipino
young girls fresh from elementary as their first students.
 Nursing Milestone in the Philippines
1909 – Three females graduated as “qualified medical
– surgical nurses”.

1919 – The first Nurses Law (Act # 2808) was enacted regulating the
practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines. It also provided the
holding of exam on the 2nd Monday of June and December of each year.

1920 – First board examination for nurseswas conducted by the Board of

Examiners, 93 candidates took the exam, 68 passed with the highest rating
of 93.5% (Anna Dahigren).
 The theoretical exam was held at the UP Amphitheater of
the College of Medicine and surgery at the PGH Library.

1921 – Filipino Nurses Association was established (now PNA) as the

National Organization of Filipino Nurses.
The first president of the PNA was Rosario
Delgado while the founder was Anatasia Giron –
Tupas.

1953 – RA 877, known as the “Nursing Practice Law” was approved.

Periods of Nursing History
I. The Intuitive Period
From the mode of nomadic life, there is already gradual development of
urban community life.
Start of scientic knowledge more complex life increase in health
problems demand for more nurses.
From the mode of nomadic life, there is already gradual development of
urban community life.
The birth of religious ideologist: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Babylonians believed in the Code of Hammurabi (first recording on

medical practice) like establishment of medical fees, specific doctor for
each disease and the right of the patient to choose treatment between
charms, medicine or surgical procedure.
Egyptians introduced the art of embalming; Hebrews believed in the
teachings of Moses; China uses pharmacologic drugs or herbs to treat
diseases; India believed “Sushuruta’s Teachings” which is also the first
recordings on nursing practice.

In Greece, Hippocrates first to reject the idea that diseases are caused by
evil spirits. The first to apply assessment and medical ethics. “Nurses
should function as untrained slaves”.
II. The Apprentice Period
As nursing was not valued as an intellectual endeavor it lost much of its economic
support and social status. The nursing conditions were at their worst and have
been called the dark period of nursing.
III. The Educative Period
IV. The Contemporary Period
Historical Era in Nursing (Alligood, 2006)