TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HMAWBI

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM

(HYUNDAI ACCENT 2019)

First Seminar
14.6.2019

Presented by Supervised by
Mg Aung Thu Hein U Kaung Myat
(VI Mech – 36) Daw Win Pa Pa Aye
Outlines of Presentation

• Introduction of Anti-lock Braking System

• Types and Components of ABS system

• Theory of ABS system

• Working Principles of ABS system

• Advantages and Disadvantages of ABS system

• Overview of ABS system

Introduction to Anti-lock Braking System

• Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land
vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses

• Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system prevent the wheels of a vehicle
locking as brake pedal pressure is applied, often suddenly in an emergency or short stopping
distance.

• This enables the driver to have steering control, preventing skidding and loss of traction.
Anti-lock Braking System
Types of ABS system

Anti-lock braking systems use different schemes depending on the type of brakes in use.
They can be differentiated by the number of channels.

1. Four-channel, four-sensor ABS

2. Three-channel, four-sensor ABS

3. Three-channel, three-sensor ABS

4. Two-channel, four-sensor ABS

5. One-channel, one-sensor ABS

Main Components of ABS system

• Speed Sensors or brake calipers

• Pumps or motors

• Valves or channels

• Controller or ECU
ABS Controller ABS Pump
ABS Valve ABS Sensor
Anti-lock Braking System
Theory of ABS system

• ABS system works on the principle of threshold braking and cadence braking.

• Cadence braking and threshold braking is a technique in which a driver applies the brakes and releases it
before locking up the wheel and then applies the brakes and releases it again before locking.

• This process of applying and releasing the brakes on the wheel is done in pulse form to prevent it from
locking and stop skidding of the vehicle.

• The driver practices this technique to achieve better control over the vehicle during instant braking and stop
skidding of the vehicle.

• The ABS system automatically does this cadence braking to prevent locking of wheel and skidding of
vehicle when brakes are applied.
Working Principles of ABS system

• The four sensors at each of the four wheels sense the rotation of the wheel.

• If the driver gives too much brake application, the wheel stops rotating.

• The wheel sensors reports ECU to release brake line pressure and leads to wheels turning again.

• Then ECU applies pressure again and stops the rotation of the wheel.

• This releasing and re-application or pulsing of brake pressure happens 20-30 times per second or
more.
• This keeps the wheel just at the limit before locking up and skidding no matter.

• ABS system can maintain extremely high ststic pressure and must be disabled before
attempting repairs.

• When the brake pedal is depressed during driving, the wheel speed decreases and the
vehicle speed does as well.

• The decrease in the vehicle speed is not always proportional to the decrease in the
wheel speed and the vehicle speed is called “slip”.

• The magnitude of the slip is expressed by the “slip ratio” which is defined as follows:

Slip ratio = (Vehicle speed – Wheel speed) / Vehicle speed × 100%

Advatages of ABS system

• Greatly reduce the possibility of brake lock up.

• Provide better chance of steering.

• Highly adaptable to every surface.

• Greatly reduces the possibility of vehicle skidding.

• Faster reactions to situations because of completely electronic & computer controlled.

Disadvantages of ABS system

• Expensive repairs & high cost of operation.

• Require regular check ups & maintenance of sensors, valves and brake fluid.

• Require complete overhaul on damage of few parts.

• Delicate system, easy to harm and damage.

• Longer stopping distances due to system errors.

Overview of ABS system

• Statistics show that approximately 40% of automobile accidents are due to skidding.

• These problems commonly occur on vehicle with conventional brake system which can be
avoided by adding devices called ABS.

• If there is an ABS failure, the system will revert fo normal brake operation. Normally the ABS
warning light will turn on and let the driver know there is a fault.
Thanks a lot and advise me!