LESSON 4.

3
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
 RANGE

•Range
  is the difference between the highest
value and the lowest value in the given
distribution. It is the simplest measure of
dispersion.
Formula for ungrouped data:
 STANDARD DEVIATION and VARIANCE

•Average
  Deviation is a measure of variation that takes
into consideration the deviations of the individual
scores from the mean. It is also known as Mean
Absolute Deviation (MAD).
Formula for ungrouped data:

Where, AD = average deviation

n = number of observations
= sum of the absolute value of (x) minus the mean
 Sample Variance
•  FORMULA:

Where, = the sample variance

n = number of observations in the sample
=sum of the squares of (x) minus the sample
mean
 Sample Standard Deviation
•FORMULAS:
 

Where, s = standard deviation

= sample variance

Where, s = standard deviation

n = number of observations in the sample
= sum of the squares of (x) minus the sample mean
 Midhinge
•FORMULA:
 

Where, MH = Midhinge
= Third quartile
= First quartile
 
 Interquartile Range
•FORMULA:
 

 
Where, IQR = Interquartile Range
= Third quartile
= First quartile
 Quartile Deviation
•FORMULA:
 

Where, Q = Quartile Deviation

= Third quartile
= First quartile
 
MEASURES OF RELATIVE POSITION
 THE QUARTILES
•   The most commonly used measure of
location is the quartiles. The quartiles of a data
divide the values into four equal parts. A set of
data has three quartiles, denoted by . The first
quartile , is the number that divides the bottom
25% of the data from the top 75%.
Note: The median is the or the 2nd quartile. ,
 Formulas
•  Formula for ungrouped data:

 
Where, Q= the quartile
K = 1, 2 and 3
n = number of observations
 Formulas
•  
Formula for grouped data:
 

 
Where, = quartile where k is from 1,2,3
LCB = lower class boundary where is located
i = class width or interval
n = sample size
= cumulative frequency BEFORE the LCB is located
f = the frequency where the LCB is located
 THE DECILES
•Deciles
  are values which divide the data into ten
equal parts. A data has nine deciles, denoted
by . Basically, the first decile , is the number that
divides the bottom 10% of the data from the top
90%. The third decile is the number that divides
the bottom 30% of the data from the top 70%.
Note: The median is the or 5th decile. , , , , … ,
 Formulas
•Formula
  for ungrouped data:

 
Where, D = the decile
K = 1, 2, 3, …, 9
n = number of observations
 Formulas
•Formula
  for grouped data:

Where, = decile where k is from 1,2,3, … 9

LCB = lower class boundary where is located
i = class width or interval
n = sample size
= cumulative frequency before the LCB is located
f = the frequency where the LCB is located
 THE PERCENTILES
•The  percentiles of a data divide it into
hundredths or 100 equal parts. A data has 99
percentiles, denoted by . Roughly speaking, the
first percentile , is the number that divides the
bottom 1% of the data from the top 99%.
Similarly, the third percentile , is the number that
divides the bottom 3% of the data from the top
97%.
Note: The median is the or 50th percentile.
 Formula
•Formula
  for ungrouped data:
 
Where, P= the percentile
K = 1, 2, 3, …99
n = number of observations
 Formula
•Formula
  for grouped data:
Where,
= percentile where k is from 1,2,3, … 99
LCB = lower class boundary where is located
i = class width or interval
n = sample size
= cumulative frequency before the LCB is located
f = the frequency where the LCB is located
The scores received by Raffy in the ten math quizzes
are as follows: 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 7, 6, 14, 18, 20
Compute the following
1. Range
Answer. 14
2. Average deviation
Answer. 3.7
3. Standard deviation
Answer. 4.64
4. Variance
Answer. 21.53
5. Midhinge
Answer. 12
6. Inter-quartile-range
Answer. 9
7. Quartile Deviation
Answer. 4.5
8. 2nd Quartile
Answer. 12.5
9. 8th Decile
Answer. 16.5
10. 90th percentile
Answer. 19