‫الَر ِحيْ ِم‬

‫الَر ْح ٰم ِن َّّـ‬ ِ ‫ِب ْس ِم‬

‫الله َّّـ‬
WELCOME :
Faculty of Basic and Applied Science :
UNDERGRADUATE LAB -1

MELDES EXPERIMENT
Instructor : Mam Amber Salim German Physicist Melde in 1859

18TH DEC,2020
Islamic International University

PRESENTED BY
GROUP 1: A

IQRA ZAFAR 01

1986
IRSA SADDIQUE 1979 02

SANA.M.ISHFAQ 03

1945
ISFA NAZABAT 04
1953
MISBAH KOUSAR 05
1962
UNZILA HAFEEZ 06
1984
 Objective
Why we gonna perform this experiment ?

• To determine the frequency of ac main

• Observe the stationary waves

• Determine wavelength, amplitude and

time period of waves
 • String
• Weight box
• Pan
Apparatus • Solenoid

Material we need for experiment • Pulley

• A.C main
• Bulb
• Key
• Horse shoe magnet
• Rod
DIAGRAM OF APPRATUS :
Setup:
 It is consist of an iron rod passing through the solenoid along its
axis under the magnetic field of horse shoe its one end is fixed
and other end is free to vibrate between the Poles of magnet.

 A string of fixed diameter is attached to free end and this string

passes over the pulley and at the other free end of string a pan is
attached.
 The weight on the Pan will cause tension in the string it can be
increase and decrease by putting different weights in pan. The
length of the string is adjusted by the position of pulley.

 The system is Operated by turning on the A.C supply .Due to

A.C (alternating current ) rod begins to vibrate.
Why Rod Vibrates ?

Magnetic Field Of Solenoid (generated due to A.C mains )

magnetizes the rod because of it rod one end become north
pole while the other end become south pole but because
A.C changes direction at every cycle so rod polarities are
also interchange continously.As a result its end began to
vibrate between the poles of horse show magnet with the
frequency of AC main and it continue its vibrate along the
string till the center of the pulley.
Types of Arrangement :

There are two type of Arrangement in Melde’s Experiment , We

observe two types of Longitudinal and transverse stationary
waves.
1.Transverse Mode
2. Longitudinal Mode
 TRANSVERSE ARRANGEMENT

For the production of stationary waves we will place rod at the

one end of the table and the pulley at the other end of the table
both rod and string should be parallel to each other with zero
degree, the waves in the result will be stationary waves.
 LONGITUDINAL ARRANGEMENT

For the production of longitudinal waves ,we need to place

the rod vertically at the 90 degree with the string which will
result in compression and refraction along the string when
rod will vibrate with A.C frequency
Formula Used:
V= where m0=

 
V=

Wavelength =
λ=2L δl T
TCosѲ
 
f=  
F=  Ѳ

TSINѲ 
 Observation Table of Transverse Arrangement
mass of a string m0 =146*10^-5g
SR Mass in pan Tension in the string Numbers Length of Threat
between
Length of
each loop
FREQUENCY OF VIBRATING
LINE SEGMENTOF STRING
m2 in g of
NO T=(m1+m2)980dyne Loops extreme nodes f=
L l=
N

1- 10g (5+10)980=14700 4 100 25 63Hz

2- 20g (5+20)980=24500 3 92 30.6 67Hz

3-
3- 35g
35g (5+35)980=39200
(5+35)980=39200 2
2 78
78 39
39 66.4Hz
66.4Hz
 GRAPH :
Frequency of A.C Main
TRANSVERSE 45000

ARRANGEMENT :
40000
• VERTICAL AXIS
:TENSION(DYNE) 35000

30000

• HORIZONTAL AXIS : 25000

WAVELENGTH (l)^2 20000

15000

10000

5000

SOURCE : MS 0
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500
EXCEL
RESULT : TRANSVERSE MODE

 
Mean Frequency Of A.C mains= f = 65 Hz
Actual Frequency Of A.C main = 50 Hz

Percentage Of Error = * 100%

=*100

=30%
 Observation Table of Longitudinal Arrangement
mass of a string mo =146*10^-5g
SR Mass in pan Tension in the string Numbers Length of Threat
between
Length of each loop FREQUENCY OF VIBRATING LINE SEGMENTOF
STRING

m2 in g of l= f=
NO T=(m1+m2)980dyne Loops extreme nodes
N L

1- 2g (5+2)980=6860 5 90 18 60Hz

2- 3g (5+3)980=7840 4 90 22.5 51.5Hz

3- 1g (1+5)980=5880 6 90 15 66.8Hz
 GRAPH : • AC FREQUENCY

LONGITUDINAL ARRANGEMENT 9000

• VERTICAL AXIS 8000

:TENSION(DYNE) 7000

6000

• HORIZONTAL AXIS : 5000

WAVELENGTH (l)^2 4000

3000

2000

1000

0
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
SOURCE : MS EXCEL
RESULT : LONGITUDINAL MODE

Mean Frequency Of A.C mains= f =59Hz

 
Actual Frequency Of A.C main = 50 Hz

%Percentage Of Error = * 100

=*100

=18.8%
Conclusion :

Based from the result of this experiment ,it is concluded that

average frequency of string which was same as the frequency of
A.C main is 65Hz in Transverse Arrangement of wave and 59Hz
in Longitudinal Arrangement of waves but The actual Frequency
of A.C main is 50Hz so our experimental values are not accurate
there are few factors such as : material of string and friction we
are having systematic error which can be eliminate by taking
better steps .
DISCUSSION :

• Well defined loops were not obtained at all values of

Tension and only at some particular values perfect loops
were obtained due to which there are less number of
observations and less number of points on graph.

• In longitudinal Arrangement loops were not forming by

taking large values of tension.

• The oscillation in one loop are in antiphase with those in an

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

FAMILY
ALLAH
INSTRUCTOR &
ALMIGHTY
GROUP
MEMBERS
 Any
Ques
tion m
mate a rk
s ?? ?

Thank you !