LESSON 1

ASPECTS OF
PRODUCTION FOR
VISUAL ARTS
 AWARDS
Awards are given to artists to recognize a single
achievement or the career as a whole. Most often,
awards that are given for a single achievement is
won through competitions and contest. Some of the
most popular visual arts competition in the
Philippines include the Shell National Students Art
Competition, the PLDT-DPC Visual Arts Competition,
the Metrobank Art and Design Excellence (MADE),
Vision Petron National Student art competition and
the GSIS Art Competition.
 Many contemporary Filipino artists started
their career by joining and winning awards
from competition. Example are BenCab who
placed 1962 in the Shell National Students
Art Competition and Ronald Ventura in 1990
for the same competition. Antonio Leano in
1981 for MADE.
 Some awards are given to artists to
acknowledge their talent of their contributions to
their craft. Some of the most prestigious and
respected of this awards are the TOYM, Gawad
CCP Para sa Sining, Thirteen Artists Award, the
Ateneo Art Awards, and the highest of which are
the Order of the National Artist Award and the
GAMABA.
 ART CRITICISM AND SCHOLARSHIP
Criticism and scholarship are two of the most related aspects
in the production of art, whether visual or performing.

Art criticism is the evaluation of an artwork based on its

artistic merits, its historical and cultural importance.

Art scholarship on the other hand, is the orderly organization

and study of art, whether it is the actual artwork itself, the artists,
or its art form. Art scholarship includes the documentation and
authentication of artworks. It also includes the study of the
historical and theoretical developments of art in relation to social,
cultural, and historical considerations.
 Many art scholars are art critics
since art criticism is a discipline
involved in art scholarship.
ART EDUCATION
Art education is the transfer of knowledge, skills, and
art appreciation from a teacher to a student. Education
can be done in both formal and informal settings.

Formal education pertains to teaching done in a

specified venue such as a school, while informal
education pertains to more relaxed environment such as
a master-apprentice relationship found in many ethnic
groups, where knowledge and skill are transferred
through apprenticeship.
 Art education in schools was only officially included
in the curriculum in 1960. This formal education
incorporated teaching of skills and knowledge as well
as art history, theory, criticism, and appreciation. The
most prominent art school in the country is the
Philippine High School for the Arts in Los Banos,
Laguna. This government-funded high school is
dedicated to artistically gifted student scholars.
 Another venue for art education are workshops.
Often managed by art organizations, art workshops
are often short courses that focuses on a particular
art skill. These workshops are often held during
summer breaks or weekends since often times
participants of these workshops are students. These
are art workshops that crater to adult s and these are
often scheduled during the weekends or after work
hours.
 MEDIA
Media is the visual art component that pertains to
the materials the artist uses for his artwork. There
are many different types of media an artist can use
at his/her disposal and these only increase with time
due to new discoveries and technological
developments. Each medium entails different
manipulative processes for an artist to achieve their
desired outcome.
 The most common and traditional examples of media
used by contemporary artists are clay, wood, metal,
stone, fiber, dyes, paint, ink, pencil, paper, glass, plastic,
and film. The newer media types are computer
technology, light, genetic, trash, etc. it can be used alone
or in combination with two or more mediums. Used in
combination, it would fall into the category of mixed
media.

There is really no limit on the type or kind of medium

a contemporary visual artist could use. The boundary is
all left to his/her imagination.
 ORGANIZATIONS

Organizations are formed when people of common goals

band together for a cause or goal, this is true for many art
organizations. Many artists work together o establish unity
and camaraderie between fellow artists. They also form
organizations to protect each other’s rights and voice out
corners that affect them as visual artists. There are many
art organizations in the Philippines, some are international
offshoot organizations while others re nationwide
organizations and many are regional art organizations.
 The Asian Cultural Council (ACC) is an international art
organization that began in 1963 whose vision is to provide a
support system between the art and cultural exchanges
between the United States and Asia through visual and
performing art projects. It has a counterpart in Manila called the
Asia Cultural Council Philippine Foundation (ACCPF) which
was created in 2000. like its foreign counterpart, its goal is to
increase opportunities for Filipino artists, academics, and
cultural organizations through the promotion of Filipino
heritage.
ART PATRONAGE

The purchase or commission of an

artwork is called art patronage. It can also
be used to describe the financial funding
given by an individual or organization to
an artist.
 Patrons most often come from the upper class or wealthy
individuals or groups who have the means to buy or support an
artist. In the precolonial times, patronage in art can be seen
through the barter and trade of decorative arts and crafts such as
earthenware, textile, metalcrafts, and jewelry. During the colonial
times and perhaps in Philippine history, the biggest art patron is the
Catholic Church. The Church often commissioned artist and
artisans to create religious paintings and sculptures that were used
evangelization. Also during the Spanish occupation, artists earned
a living by selling genre paintings sold to tourist and painting
portraits commissioned by the wealthy individuals and families.
 During the American colonial times, many artists were
commissioned to do draw illustrations for books,
commercials, and other marketing paraphernalias. In
contemporary times, artists are represented by galleries.
The galleries market and promote the artist’s work
through exhibits, and the part patrons buy the works
from there. A percentage of the sell goes to the gallery
as commission or representational fee.
LESSON 2

ASPECTS OF
PRODUCTION FOR
PERFORMING ARTS
COMMON ASPECTS OF
PRODUCTION IN THE
PERFORMING ARTS
AUDIENCE, TIME, AND SPACE

•The performing arts have been

presented to various audiences,
at different venues, and different
occasions. This is dependent on
the prevalent social norms at the
particular time it is presented.
• Ethnic groups in the Philippines –
performing arts are heavily integrated to
their daily lives.
• Theater as well as music and dance can be
done in the privacy of one’s house or can
be performed outdoors such as the fields or
while at work. It is also staged during
rituals of formal occasions such as
weddings, births, and funerals.
•In the urbanized areas, music,
dance, and theaters are performed
in both private and public space.
Malls and similar establishments
serve as venues for concerts,
bands, dance competitions, and
plays.
• Churches during the Spanish colonial times
are regular venues for songs and liturgical
dramas. More formal performances are
staged in more conventional theaters such
as the Cultural Center of Philippines, SM
Mall of Asia Arena, the Philippine Arena in
Manila, the International Eucharistic
Convention Pavilion in Cebu, and the CAP
Grand Auditorium in Davao.
 AWARDS AND GRANTS

•As with visual arts, awards and

grants are given to performing
artists as well. Awards are given to
performing artists as recognition for
their achievements in a competition
or in their cumulative career.
•AWARDS - Trophies, medals,
certificates, or cash.
•GRANTS- given to performing artists
to aid them in developing their craft.
-Can come from both public and private,
individuals and institutions.
-Study grants
-Travel grants
CRITICISM

•Criticism in the performing arts

pertains to the evaluation and
examination of the creation,
expression, and meaning of the
particular piece or performance.
•CRITIC –the one who reviews
and appraises the performance.
•Critics would often publish their
appraisal in different media
such as newspapers, magazines,
journals, websites, and blogs.
ORGANIZATION

•Performing art organizations are

formal or informal groupings of
artists and/or enthusiasts created
in order to support and
appreciate their chosen craft.
•Informal groupings can be
seen with the ethnic groups.
•Formal groupings have clear
cut division of responsibilities
and a hierarchy or roles such as
chairmanship, members, etc.
•Organizations can be categorized according to
their base of operations.
- School-based organization
- Community-based organization
- Professional organization (CCP Tanghalang
Pilipino, Repertory Philippines)
- Specialized organization [(one commonality),
(Manila Chamber Music Society, Philippines
Society for Music Education)]
•Performing art organizations are
integral part of the performing arts.
It is an avenue to bond and share.
It is a support system to protect the
artists’s rights and promote
advocacies that unite them.
•Filipino Society of Composers, Authors,
and Publishers (FILSCAP)- group whose
membership includes composers, lyric
writers, and music publishers that seek to
protect the artists’ works from copyright
infringements.
•Performing Rights Society of the
Philippines (PRSP)- collection of other
performing organizations.
 EDUCATION
•It is concerned with the transfer of
knowledge, the techniques, and
styles.
•One of the most significant aspects
since it deals with the continuing
survival and promulgation of the art.
•Informal education (ethnic groups) –
music and other performing arts are taught
to the youth through ‘oral transmission’
and demonstration. They learn through
constant exposure, application, and
practice.
•Formal education, performing arts are
included in the curriculum of the students.
PARTICULAR ASPECTS
OF PRODUCTION TO A
PERFORMING ART
MUSI
C
 COMPOSITION

•It is the artistic process in the

creation of music. It is
traditionally referred to as the
practice of creating a notated score
and its completion through the
interpretation by music artists.
RECORDING

•It is the process of

creating multiple copies of
music to be distributed to
the public.
•Professional recording entails the following
steps:
1. PREPRODUCTION – producers and their
people would decide upon a concept or music
performance.
2. PRODUCTION – the actual music is created.
3. POSTPRODUCTION – devoted to the
promotion, marketing, and selling of te
finished product.
 MUSIC INDUSTRY
•It is the business of selling recorded music.
This is the collaborative work that entails
different personalities such as the producer,
the singer (recording artist), the composer,
the arranger, the recording company,
managers, musicians, technicians, record
duplicators, and sales team.
DANCE
CHOREOGRAPHY

•It is a part of dance that arranges

and manipulates movements,
formations, words, sets, props,
lights, and dancers to express an
idea or narration.
•DANCE STEPS
-substantial part of choreography
-Combinations of human actions
and movements.
DESIGN

•It is the visual materials used

to suggest, allude
symbolisms and illusions.
Materials include sets, props,
costumes, and lighting.
•SETS – backgrounds
•PROPS and COSTUMES –help
identify the characters and events,
and enhance movements on stage.
•LIGHTING – provides appropriate
mood or a sense of time.
THEAT
ER
ACTING AND DIRECTING

•ACTING is the art of embodying a

character.
•DIRECTING is the complete
supervision and management of all
the different elements in theater
production.
 SCRIPT
•SCRIPT of the play is the literal
transcription of the play. It includes
stage directions, production notes,
and cast list.
•PLAYWRIGHT – a person who
writes scripts for plays.
 SETS, COSTUMES, AND
LIGHTING
•SETS – scenes and props for the
physical representation of the
setting, period, or time.
•COSTUME – deals with the attire a
character wear during the
performance
•LIGHTING- the use of light in
a theater production. It is used
to illuminate the stage, create
ambiance and mood, and
highlight and exaggerate a
character’s movement.
TRANSLATION AND
ADAPTATION
•TRANSLATION is the conversion of
a foreign play to the vernacular.
•ADAPTATION is the reinterpretation
of the play according to local cultures
and traditions to make it more
relatable to the audience.