RENEWAL IN THE

CHURCH
Group 5
Brian Angelou C. Lorilla
Aliah Chavy Sabado
Jan Eric Lonario
Ralph Esleyer Policarpio
Moe Yzekiel Panaguiton
Andrew Zarr Miguel
 In the 16th century a series of event happened that led to the
Church Reformation. The main cause of this was the
corruption in the Catholic Church, some people saw that
how the Church worked needed to be change. People like
Erasmus, Huldrych Zwingli, Martin Luther and John Calvin
saw the corruption and tried to stop it, and it led to a split in
the church, into Catholics and various Protestant churches.
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
(15TH-16TH CENTURY)
EVENTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES
LEADING TO THE REFORMATION
 Black Death - a plague that almost
wiped out the population of Europe in
1347.
 Over the next five years, the Black
Death would kill more than 20 million
people in Europe—almost one-third of
the continent’s population
 As the hysteria quieted down, some
Christians turned their anger at the
Catholic Church that seemed helpless
to stop the Black Death. In fact, many
local priests either died of the plague
or abandoned their parishes when it
struck. The church's failure led to
thousands of people joining the
Flagellant Movement.
 PAPAL CONTROVERSY
 The Western Schism, or Papal Schism, was a split
within the Roman Catholic Church that lasted from
1378 to 1417. During that time, three men
simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven
by politics rather than any theological disagreement,
the schism was ended by the Council of Constance
(1414–1418). 
 The schism in the Western Roman Church resulted
from the return of the papacy to Rome under Gregory
XI on January 17, 1377, ending the Avignon Papacy,
which had developed a reputation for corruption that
estranged major parts of western Christendom. This Pope Gregory XI was head of the
reputation can be attributed to perceptions of Catholic Church from 30 December
predominant French influence and to the papal 1370 to his death in 1378. He was
curia’s efforts to extend its powers of patronage and the seventh and last Avignon pope
increase its revenues. and the most recent French pope
recognized by the modern Catholic
Church
 After Pope Gregory XI died in 1378, the
Romans rioted to ensure the election of a
Roman for pope. On April 8, 1378 the
cardinals elected a Neapolitan when no
viable Roman candidates presented
themselves. Urban VI, born Bartolomeo
Prignano, the Archbishop of Bari, was
elected. Urban had been a respected
administrator in the papal chancery at
Avignon, but as pope he proved suspicious,
reformist, and prone to violent outbursts
of temper. Many of the cardinals who had
elected him soon regretted their decision;
Pope Urban VI, born Bartolomeo Prignano, was
the majority removed themselves from the Roman claimant to the headship of the
Rome to Avignon, where, even though Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his
Urban was still reigning, they elected death. He was the most recent pope to be
Robert of Geneva as a rival pope on elected from outside the College of Cardinals.
His pontificate began shortly after the end of
September 20, 1378 now there were two the Avignon Papacy
Popes: one in Rome and one in France.
  Robert took the name Clement VII and
reestablished a papal court in Avignon.
This second election threw the church into
turmoil. The University of Paris proposed
two suggestions to solve the problem of
having two Popes in the Church. One is
mutual resignation and the other is
through a general council (Conciliarism) –
whereby the decision of the council has a
greater authority over the Pope.
 The two popes refused to resign from their
seats to solve the problem. In 1409 council
gathered at Pisa. In the council, they Elected pope of the Catholic Church in
declared both popes as deposed and times of religious and political turmoil,
the reign of Clement VII (1478-1534) was
elected a new one who took the name
marked by a brutal attack on Rome and
Alexander V who was succeeded by John the defection of King Henry VIII of
XXIII after his death. England. Pope Clement VII began his life
as Giulio de' Medici on May 26, 1478, in
Florence, Italy.
 For the next 6 years, there were three
popes. Gregory XII in Rome, Benedict
XIII in Avignon and John XXIII. A
general council ended the problem of
having three popes.

 The schism was finally resolved

when the Pisan pope John XXIII called
the Council of Constance (1414–1418).
The council deposed John XXIII,
accepted the resignation of Gregory XII
and dismiss the claims of Benedict XIII,
then elected Martin V as the new
Pope.
 SELLING INDULGENCIES
  Tetzelwas known for granting indulgences
on behalf of the Catholic Church in
exchange for money, which are claimed to
allow a remission of temporal punishment
due to sin, the guilt of which has been
forgiven.
 An 'indulgence' was part of the medieval
Christian church, and a significant trigger to
the Protestant Reformation. Basically, by
purchasing an indulgence, an individual
could reduce the length and severity of
punishment that heaven would require as
payment for their sins, or so the church
claimed. Johann Tetzel - German
Dominican friar whose preaching
 a Dominican priest, calling people to repent, on indulgences, considered by many of his
threatening them with the fire of hell and its eternal contemporaries to be an abuse of the
damnation and selling indulgence with these sacrament of penance, sparked Martin
outrageous words: For every coin that rings is a soul in
Luther’s reaction.
purgatory that springs.
REFORMERS OF THE
CHURCH
 MARTIN LUTHER
 Committed to the idea that salvation could be
reached through faith and by divine grace only,
Luther vigorously objected to the corrupt
practice of selling indulgences. He wrote the
“Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of
Indulgences,” also known as “The 95 Theses,” a
list of questions and propositions for debate.
And that on October 31, 1517 Luther defiantly
nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the
Wittenberg Castle church.
  His writings were responsible for fractionalizing
the Catholic Church and sparking the Protestant
Martin Luther OSA was a German professor
Reformation. His central teachings, that the of theology, priest, author, composer, former
Bible is the central source of religious authority Augustinian monk, and is best known as a
and that salvation is reached through faith and seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation
not deeds, shaped the core of Protestantism. and as the namesake of Lutheranism.
Luther was ordained to the priesthood in
1507.
 Huldrych Zwingli
 A priest in the city of Zurich who was more
radical than Martin Luther.
 He used violence to promote his ideas.
 His teaching include:
 The Scripture is definitely the only authority
and each person should interpret it
personally.
 Condemned crucifixes, statues, pictures and
altars
 Recognised only two sacraments: baptism and
the Lord’s supper, and these were only Huldrych Zwingli the most
symbolic. important reformer in the Swiss
 Protestant Reformation. He
 Abolished the Mass – claimed that the Holy
founded the Swiss Reformed
Eucahrist is just an ordinary memorial meal:
Church and was an important
thus Jesus was not really present in the
figure in the broader Reformed
Eucharist.
 tradition.
 JOHN CALVIN
 Known for his influential writing.
 Like Luther and Zwingli, he put primacy on the
Sacred Scripture as a source of belief, rejected
the papacy and stressed on Divine grace for
salvation.
 Went to the extreme in his teaching on
Predestination – God has already determined
our destiny, and that God indeed allows many
to be damned to manifest divine justice
 John Calvin is known for his influential
Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536), John Calvin was a French
theologian, pastor and reformer in
which was the first systematic theological Geneva during the Protestant
treatise of the reform movement. He stressed Reformation.
the doctrine of predestination, and his
interpretations of Christian teachings, known as
Calvinism, are characteristic of Reformed
churches.
There were four (4) fundamental points which the Catholic
Church found unacceptable in all the teachings of the
reformers.
 1. An exaggerated idea of the power of sin
 2. A wrong idea of the role of faith
 3. A misunderstanding of the function of the sacraments
 4. A rejection of the authority of the Church.
CONCLUSION

 The renewal of the church is the result of series of bad

events and controversies that transpired during the 16th
century. Despite all those bad events, the church had
grown to greater maturity, it created reforms and
admitted the abuse of power that the clergy committed.
The events of this period had emphasized the need to be
united and respect towards one another, we can say that
all those events aren't bad events but a process made by
God for the Church to become what it is today.