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Escalators and Elevators
Escalators and Elevators
ESCALATOR
Foremost, physical factors like the vertical and horizontal distance to be spanned
must be considered.
These factors will determine the length and pitch of the escalator.
The escalator should be located where it can be easily seen by the general public.
Bottom Platform :
The bottom platform holds
the step return idler
sprockets.
Platforms contain floor plate and comb plate.
Comb plate
The comb plate is the piece between the stationary
floor plate and the moving step.
It is so named because its edge has a series of cleats
that resemble the teeth of a comb.
These teeth mesh with matching cleats on the edges
of the steps.
This design is necessary to minimize the gap between
the stair and the landing, which helps prevent objects
from getting caught in the gap.
Floor plate
Truss
The escalator truss is the structural frame of the escalator and consists of three major areas:
• Lower section,
• Incline section, Upper section
• Upper section.
trailer-wheel track
Steps
• The steps are solid, one piece, die-cast
aluminum or steel.
• The steps are linked by a continuous metal
chain that forms a closed loop.
• The front and back edges of the steps are each
connected to two wheels.
• The rear wheels are set further apart to fit into
the back track and the front wheels have shorter
axles to fit into the narrower front track.
Handrail
• The Handrail provides a convenient
handhold for passengers while they are
riding the escalator. In an escalator, the
handrail is pulled along its track by a chain
that is connected to the main drive gear by
a series of pulleys.
Balustrade
• The Balustrade consists of the handrail and the exterior supporting structure of the escalator.
It is the escalator exterior components extending above the steps and it supports the handrail.
It is either designed as Interior Low-deck or Interior High-deck.
The balustrade may also refer to the individual interior panels, skirt panels, and deck covers
of the escalator. Each interior balustrade panel section is individually removable to allow
easy access to the escalator interior for cleaning, maintenance, and component replacement.
Drive System
• An escalator drive system includes the following components :
• Drive Machine and Gear Reducer. -The Drive machine together with the gear reducer provides
the torque to drive the step band at a constant speed
• The Step Drive System-The variation on how these two systems are combined is dependent
upon the type of escalator. The Drive Machine used to drive the pinion gear or the main drive
chain may directly or indirectly drive the Handrail Drive System
• The Handrail Drive System-The step motion is achieved by a direct step assembly connection
to the step chain.
Auto lubrication system
• The escalators have an Automatic Lubrication System that supplies oil to lubricate the main
drive chain, step chain, and the handrail drive chains. Oil flow rate is adjustable by setting the
automatic timer control “off” and “on” periods to supply more or less lubrication.
Braking system
• The braking systems on an escalator
utilize three different braking
methods as follows:
The Machine Brake.
• The drive shaft brake system.
• The Main Drive Shaft Brake.
Safety device
Escalator systems are provided with
many safety devices that will
automatically stop the escalator by
cutting electrical power to the motor
and applying the brake if a problem
occurs. When a safety device stops the
escalator, the problem must be
corrected and the fault cleared before
restarting the system.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR ESCALATOR
A NUMBER OF FACTORS MUST BE CONSIDERED:
• PHYSICAL FACTORS
• LOCATION
• TRAFFIC PATTERNS
• SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
• AESTHETIC PREFERENCES
• Foremost, physical factors like the vertical and horizontal distance to be spanned must be
considered. These factors will determine the length and pitch of the escalator.
• The building infrastructure must be able to support the heavy components. The escalator
should be located where it can be easily seen by the general public
• . In department stores, customers should be able to view the merchandise easily. Furthermore,
up and down escalator traffic should be physically separated and should not lead into confined
spaces.
• Traffic patterns must also be anticipated. In some buildings, the objective is simply to move
people from one floor to another, but in others there may be a more specific requirement, such
as funneling visitors towards a main exit or exhibit. The escalators must be designed to carry
the required number of passengers.
DESIGN OBJECTIVES FOR ESCALATOR
• FREE FLOW OF PEOPLE AND GOODS .
• SAFE OPERATION,COMFORT AND SERVICE .
• OCCUPY MINIIMUM SPACE AND REQUIRE LESS COSTS.
• AESTHETICS ,DISABLED ACCESS,ETC
ADVANTAGES
• IT HELPS A LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER ,AT
THE SAME TIME THEY REDUCE THE NEED OF ELEVATOR BECAUSE PEOPLE WOULD NOT
HAVE TO WAIT FOR ELEVATOR AND ESCALATOR CAN CARRY A LARGE NO OF PEOPLE.
• IT IS HELPFUL FOR THE PEOPLE THAT HAVE PAIN IN THEIR LEGS .I.E PROVIDE COMFORT TO
PEOPLE.
• ESCALATORS ARE EFFECTIVE WHEN USED AS A MEANS OF GUIDANCE AND CIRCUATION.
• THEIR SPEED CAN BE ADJUSTED WHICH IS HELPFUL IN MANAGING THE CROWD.
• THEY CAN BE USED AS STAIRCASE WHEN TURNED OFF.
DISADVANTAGES:
• WASTE OF ENERGY WHEN NOT IN USE.
• POSSIBLE INJURIES WHEN STOPPED SUDDENLY .
• SOURCE OF FEAR FOR SMALL CHILDREN.
LIFTS
• A lift or an elevator is a type of vertical
transportation that moves people or
goods between levels of a building.
• Lifts are generally powered by electric
motors that either drive traction cables
or counterweight systems like a hoist,
or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a
cylindrical piston like a jack.
ADVANTAGES:
• higher speed compared with the hydraulic variety
• can be used in tall, modern, 21st-century buildings.
• smoother ride
• more energy-efficient as the counterweight balances the car load.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Cost.
• Installation can be 15 to 25 per cent more expensive that a hydraulic
system.
• difficult to maintain- as the machine’s controls are located in the shaft
headroom.
• This area could be difficult to access.
INSTALLATION OF LIFTS
• Kirati Amin
• Hiral Jhadakia
• Ayushi Maheshwari
• Tithi Modi
• Jayna Panchal
• Dhwani Patel
• Dolly Patel
• Karishma Shah