Phylum:

Cnidaria: other jellies, corals,

hydras, anemones, and others
 Cnidaria
~10,000 recognized species

Marine and freshwater

 Cnidaria nematocysts

(the capsule)

(the cell)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zJiBc_N1Zk
Basic Cnidarian body plans
Polyp Medusa
4 Classes of Cnidarians
Anthozoans

Hydrozoans

Scyphozoans

Cubozoans
Anthozoa: sea anemones, corals

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zl60mfAUWIY
Anthozoa: sea anemones, corals
~6,000 species, All marine

Polyp stage only (medusa absent)

Most Sessile and Colonial

Asexual or sexual polyp

Anthozoan calcium carbonate exoskeletons
Coral Bleaching
 Mutualism (endosymbiosis)
between corals and zooxanthellae
4 Classes of Cnidarians
Anthozoans

Hydrozoans

Scyphozoans

Cubozoans
OVER SIMPLIFICATION of cnidarian life cycle
OVER SIMPLIFICATION of cnidarian life cycle
OVER SIMPLIFICATION of cnidarian life cycle
4 Classes of Cnidarians
Anthozoans

Hydrozoans

Scyphozoans

Cubozoans
Hydrozoans: hydras, portuguese-man-of-war
Hydrozoans: hydras, portuguese-man-of-war
~3,000 species, most marine, a few freshwater

polyp and medusa stage in most species

Scyphozoans: medusa jellies
Scyphozoans: medusa jellies
~200 species, all marine

Mostly medusa with polyp reduced

https://youtu.be/zp_NrZZMpc8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HTwsLCFyfU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzhNpliFE_4
Cubozoans: sea wasps (box jelly)
Cubozoans: sea wasps (box jelly)
~20 species, all marine

Mostly medusa with polyp reduced

Box shaped medusa

Cnidarian phylogeny and life cycle summary

from Martindale et al. Dev Biol 2004

“radiata”

= Animal with “true tissues” (tissue layers)

Modified from
= Animal Figure 32.11
 Animal Symmetry
Dorsal
“Radiata”
Radial
Symmetry

Ventral
 Animal Symmetry
Dorsal
“Radiata”
Radial
Symmetry

Ventral

Dorsal
Bilateria Posterior

Bilateral Anterior
Symmetry
“cephalization” Ventral
 “Radiata”
&
diploblastic Bilateria
&
triploblastic

= Animal with “true tissues” (tissue layers)

Modified from
= Animal Figure 32.11
 Tissues
Diploblastic
2 layers of living cells: ectoderm, endoderm

Triploblastic
3 layers of living cells: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Diploblastic Triploblastic
 Tissues
Endoderm
Gives rise to: liver, pancreas, lungs, and lining of
digestive tract
Mesoderm
Gives rise to: notochord, lining of coelom,
muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of
circulatory system
Ectoderm
Gives rise to: outer covering, nervous system
components in some phyla, inner ear, lens of eye
Coelomate Body Plan
Pseudocoelomate Body Plan
Acoelomate Body Plan
 = Animal with “true tissues” (tissue layers)
Modified from
= Animal Figure 32.11
 Lophotrochozoa
Several phyla in this clade

Platyhelminthes - flatworms

Ectoprocta – bryozoans
Brachiopoda - brachiopods or lamp shells
Annelida - segmented worms
Nemertea - ribbon worms

Mollusca - snails, clams, squid, octopus, etc.

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
4 Classes

Turbellaria

Monogenea

Trematoda

Cestoda
Phylogeny of
Flatworms
Turbellaria
Turbellaria ~3000 species
Turbellaria Reproduce sexually
and asexually

Models for regeneration

Can completely
regenerate with as little
as 1/279th of the animal

Dugesia sp.
Phylogeny of
Flatworms
 Some Turbellaria videos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq_aSR5FK0Y

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HekwSO6dBG0&p=584D9C593EE2FE8C&playnext=1&index=15
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyEDPtUThVo&feature=related
Monogenea “thousands” of recognized species
Monogenea “thousands” of recognized species
 Monogenean video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Oc0rW5Obwc&feature=related
Phylogeny of
Flatworms
Ribeiroia
Blood Fluke Schistosoma
 Species infect humans
Lawton et al. Parasites & Vectors 2011
Cestoda - tapeworms
~5,000 species
Pork tapeworm Taenia solium
Beef tapeworm Taenia saginata

Disease
Taeniasis
Pork tapeworm Taenia solium
Beef tapeworm Taenia saginata
Diseases:
Cysticercosis
Neurocysticercosis

Modified from
What is it?