Department of Tashreeh-UL-Badan(Anatomy)

Presented by: Directed by:

Khushboo DR.MOHAMMAD ZUBAIR
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B.U.M.S 1st YEAR 2016- Incharge department of tashree-ul-
2017 badan
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To the almighty ALLAH the cherisher and sustainer. I bow my head in

humanity and reverence for having gifted man (DR.Mohammad Zubair &
DR.Shabbir Ahmed) with the faculty of reasoning and a spirit of discovery.
My thanks are due to all my colleagues and friends for their co-operation and
moral boost up.
Thanks are also due to the non teaching staff and librarian for their endless
support.
Last but not the least I would also like to thank my family for their support
they provided me.

Khushboo
FIRST YEAR

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Khushboo , student of FIRST YEAR,,

acedemic year-2016-17 , A & U TIBBIA COLLEGE , Delhi
University, Karol Bagh New Delhi has successfully completed
this project word on “Cervical Vertebra” as per the syllabus.
Her conduct and character was good during he study.

SUPERVISED BY:
DR. Mohammad Zubair
(Incharge of department of Tashreeh-UL-Badan

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 VERTEBRA COLUMN

Spine @ backbone
Composed of a series of bones
called vertebrae.
Vertebral column, sternum and
ribs form the skeleton of the
trunk of the body.

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 Sternum Ribcage

Vertebrae

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 FUNCTION OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Functions as a strong, flexible rod with elements that

can be move forward, backward and sideways, and
rotate.
Enclosing and protecting the spinal cord
Supports the head
Serves as a point attachment for the ribs, pelvic girdle
and muscles of the back.
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 VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Early development is 33 bones.

Grows up – several vertebrae in the sacral and coccygeal
regions fuse.
Normal adults, typically contains 26 vertebrae.
Consists: cervical , thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccyx
vertebrae.
cervical , thoracic, lumbar – movable
sacral and coccyx vertebrae - immovable

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 VERTEBRA COLUMN

Distributed as follows:
1. 7 cervical vertebrae – neck region

2. 12 thoracic vertebrae – posterior to the thoracic cavity

3. 5 lumbar vertebrae – support the lower back.

4. 1 sacrum – consists of 5 fused sacral vertebrae.

5. 1 coccyx – consists of 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae.

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 PARTS OF A TYPICAL VERTEBRA

Vertebrae in different regions of the spinal column vary in size, shape, and
details.

Vertebrae typically consist:

1. Body

2. Vertebral arch

3. Processes

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 BODY

Thick

Disc shape anterior portion

Weight bearing part of the vertebrae.

Superior & inferior surface are roughened – attachment of

cartilaginous intervertebral disc.

Anterior and lateral surface contain nutrien foramina, opening for

blood vessels deliver nutrient and O2 and remove CO2 and wastes
from bone tissues.

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 VERTEBRAL ARCH

2 short, thick processes called the pedicles, project

posteriorly from the vertebrae body to unite with the flat
laminae, to form the vertebrae arch.
Vertebral arch extend posteriorly from the body of the
vertebra, together with the body and vertebral arch surround
the spinal cord by forming the vertebral foramen.
Vertebral foramen contain spinal cord, adipose tissue and
areolar connective tissue and blood vessels.

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Collectively, the vertebral foramina of all vertebrae form the
vertebral (spinal) cavity.
The pedicles exhibit superior and inferior indentation called
vertebral notches.
Superior and inferior vertebral notch are stacked on top of
ones another to form intervertebral foramen.
Intervertebral foramen permits the passage of single spinal
nerve that passes to a spesific region of the body.
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 PROCESSES

7 processes arise from the vertebral arch.

At the point where lamina and pedicle join, a transverse
process extends laterally on each side.
A single spinous process projects posteriorly from the
junction of the laminae.
These 3 processes serve as points of attachments for
muscles.

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 The remaining 4 processes forms joints with other
vertebrae above and below.
2 superior articular processes articulate with the 2
inferior articular processes of vertebrae above them.
The articulating surfaces of articular processes called
facets.
Articulation between the bodies and articular facets of
successive vertebrae are called intervertebral joint.

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 INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

Neural foramen

Notches between adjacent

vertebrae.

Allows for the passage of the

spinal nerve roots, spinal artery,
veins, nerve plexus, and
ligaments
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 INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS

Intervertebral fibrocartilage.
Lie between adjacent vertebrae
in the spine.
Each disc forms a cartilaginous
joint to allow slight movement
of the vertebrae
Acts as a ligaments to hold the
vertebrae together.

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 INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

Absorb shock
Discs consist of an outer annulus fibrosus, which surrounds the inner
nucleus pulposus.
As people age, the nucleus pulposus begins to dehydrate, which
limits its ability to absorb shock. The annulus fibrosus gets weaker
with age and begins to tear.

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 CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

C1-C7
C1, C2, C7 = Atypical , C2 – C6 = Typical
The bodies are smaller than thoracic vertebrae.
Vertebral arches are larger.
Have one vertebral foramina, and two transverse foramina.
Vertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae are the largest in the spinal
column because they house the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord.

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 Each cervical transverse processes contain a transverse
foramen through which the vertebral artery, vein and nerve
pass.
Spinous processes of C2-C6 are often bifid – split into two
parts.
The first two cervical vertebra considerably from others.
First cervical vertebrae (C1) called atlas, and second
cervical vertebrae (C2) called axis.
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TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRA

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 CERVICAL 1 (ATLAS)

The atlas is a ring of bone with anterior and posterior arches and large
lateral masses.
Lacks a body and a spinous process.
Large vertebral foramen (triangular)
The superior surface of the lateral masses called superior articular
facets are concave.
Superior articular facets articulate with occipital condyle of occipital
bone to form atlanto – occipital joint.
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 These articulation permits the movement for “yes”.

Inferior surface of the lateral masses called inferior articular facets,

articulate with axis vertebrae to form atlanto-axial joint.

Transverse process and transverse foramina of the atlas are quiet large.

The large vertebral foramina divide into 2 foramina by the transverse

ligament; larger posterior foramina (spinal cord) and smaller anterior
foramina (dens)

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ATLAS

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CERVICAL 1 (ATLAS)

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 CERVICAL 2 (AXIS)

Atypical cervical vertebra

Have a body

Peglike process called dens or odontoid process projects up through

anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas.

The dens makes a pivot on which the atlas and head rotate, as in
moving the head to signify “ NO”.

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CERVICAL 2 (AXIS)

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ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT

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 This arrangement allow side to side rotation of the head.

The articulation formed between the anterior arch (facet) of the atlas

and dens of the axis, and between their articulation facets (inferior

and superior articular facets) called the atlanto-axial joint.

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 CERVICAL 3-6 (C3-C6)

Typical vertebra previously describe.

Referred slide no 21 and 22.

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 CERVICAL 7 (C7)

Called the vertebra prominents.

Has single large spinous process that can be felt at the base of the
neck.
Spinous process is not bifid.
Body is larger.
Pedicles are directed more posteriorly than laterally.
Inferior articular facets face more anteriorly than downwards.
Vertebral foramen, generally smaller than other cervical vertebrae.

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 CERVICAL 7 (C7)

Spinous process not

bifid, large project Vertebral Prominents
posteriorly

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CERVICAL 7 (C7)

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 BIBILOGRAPHY

 BOOKS
 Chaurasia B.D (2016) , volume 1 , edition 7th “Human Anatomy”
,published by S.K Jain .
 Lari Abdul Hakim “Tashreeh-UL-Ahsha”

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