TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

401068
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
CHAPTER 2:POWER LOADING OF AN INSTALLATION

Tran Dinh Cuong, MSc

 CHAPTER 2: POWER LOADING
OF AN INSTALLATION
2.1 Basic concept
2.2 Electricity load diagram (graph)
2.3 The units and coefficients
2.4 The methods to determine the estimated
electricity load
2.5 Estimating calculations for particular loads
2.6 Calculation of power loss and voltage drop
2.7 Determine the electrical load center

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 OBJECTIVES

 Understand about electricity load diagram:

Graph of daily electricity demand, monthly
electricity demand, yearly electricity demand
 Determine the estimated electricity load
 Calculate power loss and voltage drop
 Determine the electrical load center

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 OUTCOMES

 Explain the basic components and functions, parameters of

equipment, wires, characteristic of electrical loads,
calculation formulae in electrical field
 Evaluate the suitability of diagrams to design the circuits in
the low voltage system
 Apply knowledge to calculate and select nominal
parameters of wires, cables, electrical equipments.
 Appraise the suitability of types wire, cable to solve the
practical requirements of electrical networks in the low
voltage system.

401068-Chapter 1: Overview of the power supply

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 2.1 BASIC CONCEPT

2.1.1 The power

 P (W)
 Q (Var)
 S (VA)
 1 phase
 3 phase

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 2.1 BASIC CONCEPT

2.1.2 The coefficients

 Factor of maximum utilization (ku): the power
consumption of a load is sometimes less than that
indicated as its nominal power rating
 Motor: 0,75
 Lighting loads: 1
 ..

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 2.1 BASIC CONCEPT

 Factor of simultaneity (ks): the simultaneous

operation of all installed loads of a given installation
never occurs in practice.
 Circuit function
 Distribution boards
 An apartment block

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 2.2 ELECTRICITY LOAD DIAGRAM

2.2.1 Graph of daily electricity demand

P

2 3

t (hour)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 20 24

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 2.2 ELECTRICITY LOAD DIAGRAM

2.2.2 Graph of monthly electricity demand

P

t (month)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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 2.2 ELECTRICITY LOAD DIAGRAM

2.2.3 Graph of yearly electricity demand

hour

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 2.2 ELECTRICITY LOAD DIAGRAM

hour

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 2.3 THE UNITS & COEFFICIENTS

2.3.1 Installed power:

 The installed power is the sum of the nominal
powers of all power consuming devices in the
installation
 This is not the power to be actually supplied in
pratice

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 2.3 THE UNITS & COEFFICIENTS

2.3.2
   Maximum (apparent-) power demands
 Power demand of a load:

Where:
 Pn : nominal power

 η : the per-unit efficiency = output/input

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 2.3 THE UNITS & COEFFICIENTS

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 2.3 THE UNITS & COEFFICIENTS

 Maximum power demand

 
=

Where:
 k : Factor of simultaneity
s

 ku: Factor of maximum utilization

 Pi : Power demand of a load ;

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 2.4 THE METHODS TO DETERMINE
THE ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY LOAD
2.4.1 The method : estimation of actual
maximum kVA demand (use: P, ku, ks)

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 2.4 THE METHODS TO DETERMINE
THE ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY LOAD
2.4.1.1 Circuit function

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 2.4 THE METHODS TO DETERMINE
THE ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY LOAD
2.4.1.2 Distribution boards

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 2.4 THE METHODS TO DETERMINE
THE ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY LOAD
2.4.1.3 An apartment block

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 2.4 THE METHODS TO DETERMINE
THE ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY LOAD
2.4.2 The estimates for loads are based on
floor areas: P = p0.F

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 2.4 THE METHODS TO DETERMINE
THE ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY LOAD

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 2.4 THE METHODS TO DETERMINE
THE ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY LOAD
2.4.3 The estimates for loads are based on
electricity product units:

P = p0.W

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 2.5 ESTIMATING CALCULATIONS FOR
PARTICULAR LOADS
2.5.1 Starting current.

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 2.5 ESTIMATING CALCULATIONS FOR
PARTICULAR LOADS

2.5.2 Balanced 3 phase loads.

P = √3.UnIn.cos𝜑 = 3.UpIp.cos𝜑

2.5.3 Unbalanced 3 phase loads.

P = 3.UpmaxIpmax.cos𝜑

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 2.6 CALCULATION OF POWER LOSS
AND VOLTAGE DROP
2.6.1 Power loss
  𝑃 2+𝑄 2
∆ 𝑃= 2
.𝑅
𝑈

2.6.2 Voltage drop

  𝑃𝑅 +𝑄𝑋
∆𝑈=
𝑈

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 2.6 CALCULATION OF POWER
LOSS AND VOLTAGE DROP

Circuit Voltage drop: U (V) U(%)

U
1 phase U  2 I B .( R cos   X . sin  ) Up
.100

U
3 phase U  3.I B .( R cos  X . sin  ) Ud
.100

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 2.7 DETERMINE THE ELECTRICAL
LOAD CENTER
2.7.1 The calculate procedure of electrical
loads according to voltage levels in power
system
 Connection to the MV utility distribution network
 Connection to the LV utility distribution network

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 2.7 DETERMINE THE ELECTRICAL
LOAD CENTER
2.7.2 Determine the electrical load center

n n

x  ij ij y  ij ij
  i 1
n
 i 1
n

 ij 
i 1
ij
i 1

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 SUMMARY AND ASSIGNMENTS
 In this chapter, we have learnt:
 The methods to determine the estimated electricity
load
 Calculation of power loss and voltage drop
 Determine the electrical load center
 ASSIGNMENTS:
 Refer: [1]: A2 - A21 ; [2]: A2 - A20 ;
[3]: 32.1 - 32.6 ; [4]: 12 - 21 , 32 - 36
 Do exercises next slide

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 EXERCISES

1/ Single phase motor: Pn = 3 (kW), Un = 220 (V),

cos𝜑 = 0.82 , ku = 0.75 .Calculate the norminal
current ?
2/ The building have 10 storeys with 50 customers,
each having 4 kVA of installed load. Determine
the apparent-power supply required for one
storey, for the building ?
3/ Estimate the maximum predicted loading of an
installation in [1] Fig A14 (page A20) ?

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