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Boilers: Case Study (HE Boilers) : Tinjauan Kebutuhan Energi
Boilers: Case Study (HE Boilers) : Tinjauan Kebutuhan Energi
BOILERS
1
Outline:
Introduction
Type of boilers
Assessment of a boiler
Energy efficiency opportunities
2
Introduction
What is a Boiler?
• Vessel that heats water to become
hot water or steam
• At atmospheric pressure water
volume increases 1,600 times
• Hot water or steam used to transfer
heat to a process
3
-Gambarkan dalam diagram T – v proses pemanasan dalam boiler (air masuk subcooled)
-Mengapa perubahan volume air menjadi uap mendapat perhatian khusus?
Introduction
STEAM TO
EXHAUST GAS VENT
PROCESS
STACK DEAERATOR
PUMPS
ECO-
NOMI-
ZER
VENT
BOILER
BURNER
WATER
SOURCE
BLOW DOWN
SEPARATOR FUEL
BRINE
CHEMICAL FEED
SOFTENERS
Fungsi dari masing
Figure: Schematic overview of a boiler room
masing komponen?
10
4
5
1
7
6
3
2
Outline:
Introduction
Type of boilers
Assessment of a boiler
Energy efficiency opportunities
6
Types of Boilers
7
Type of Boilers
3. Packaged Boiler
• Comes in complete
To
package
Chimney
• Features
• High heat transfer
• Faster evaporation ?
• Good convective heat
transfer
Oil
• Good combustion
Burner
efficiency ?
• High thermal efficiency
(BIB Cochran, 2003) • Classified based on
number of passes
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Type of Boilers
Introduction
Type of boilers
Assessment of a boiler
Energy efficiency opportunities
13
Assessment of a boiler
1. Boiler Performance
2. Boiler blow down
3. Boiler feed water treatment
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Assessment of a Boiler
1. Boiler performance
• Causes of poor boiler performance
- Poor combustion
- Heat transfer surface fouling
- Poor operation and maintenance
- Deteriorating fuel and water quality
Heat Balance
An energy flow diagram describes geographically
how energy is transformed from fuel into useful
energy, heat and losses
Stochiometric
Excess Air
Un burnt
Berapa kalor
Stack Gas Steam output ?
Berapa kalor FUEL INPUT STEAM
Fuel input ? OUTPUT
Heat Balance
Balancing total energy entering a boiler against the
energy that leaves the boiler in different forms
12.7 %
Heat loss due to dry flue gas
1.0 %
Heat loss due to radiation & other
unaccounted loss
73.8 %
Heat in Steam
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Assessment of a Boiler
Heat Balance
Goal: improve energy efficiency by reducing avoidable losses
Boiler Efficiency
Thermal efficiency: % of (heat) energy input that is
effectively useful in the generated steam
BOILER EFFICENCY
CALCULATION
Disadvantages
• No explanation of low efficiency
• Various losses not calculated
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Assessment of a Boiler
Principle losses:
i) Dry flue gas
ii) Evaporation of water formed due to H2 in fuel
iii) Evaporation of moisture in fuel
iv) Moisture present in combustion air
v) Unburnt fuel in fly ash
vi) Unburnt fuel in bottom ash
vii) Radiation and other unaccounted losses 22
Assessment of a Boiler
Advantages
• Complete mass and energy balance for each
individual stream
• Makes it easier to identify options to improve
boiler efficiency
Disadvantages
• Time consuming
• Requires lab facilities for analysis
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Assessment of a Boiler
Introduction
Type of boilers
Assessment of a boiler
Energy efficiency opportunities
27
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
28
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
30
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Liquid Fuels
Furnace Oil 13.8 9-14
LSHS 14.1 9-14
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Energy Efficiency Opportunities
34
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
36
TUGAS REVIEW JURNAL
NASIONAL/INTERNASIONAL
TUGAS REVIEW JURNAL
NASIONAL/INTERNASIONAL
MINGGU DEPAN DI KUMPULKAN SEBAGAI
SYARAT MENGIKUTI PERKULIAHAN