Professional Documents
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Re 070 Nuclear
Re 070 Nuclear
0 Nuclear Energy
Frank R. Leslie,
B. S. E. E., M. S. Space Technology, LS IEEE
2/2/2010, Rev. 2.0.2
fleslie @fit.edu; (321) 674-7377
www.fit.edu/~fleslie
100128
7.0 Overview of Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy was once gushingly said to be “too cheap to
meter” in the future (the meter and reading it would cost more
than the electricity would sell for)
That isn’t close to happening 50 years later and is not likely now
Think of the economics of having a flat rate for electricity!
US commercial nuclear power began at Shippingport PA in
1957; Soviets began in 1954
Nuclear power supplied ~20% of US energy in 2005
Nuclear energy is cheap to the consumer; but heavily
subsidized by the Federal Government (only taxpayers pay for
that!)
Great controversy (among some) about dangers and eventual
doom from spent fuel
Plants will likely be built again after none since 1978(?)
Developing countries considering/building nuclear power
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7.0 About This Presentation
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7.1 The Nuclear Fission Reaction
Clumping 89
Kr
236
U
Fission
235
U
Neutron
Neutron
Neutron
Gamma Gamma
Mass no., nucleons= n = 1.00867 Ray Ray
protons + neutrons
89
Kr = 88.91660
144
Ba = 143.92000
235
92
U143 235
U= 235.04394
144
Ba
Neutrons
236
U = 236.05261 [After Ristinen, p. 174]
Protons
At. No., Z
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7.2 Sources, extraction, and preparation
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7.3.1 Light Water Reactors
• 1680 MW
• Services
much of
Eastern
Florida
• Ocean
water
cooling exits
to lagoon
• On barrier
island
subject to http://www.fmpa.com/html/power_supply/st_lucie.html
hurricane
wave Uprating will take it to 2400 MW
overwash
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7.3.2 Boiling Water Reactors (BWR)
www.nrc.gov
Boiling water reactors have part of the water as steam around the fuel
The water acts as a moderator to slow the neutrons to fission the uranium, while the
steam is less dense and doesn’t moderate well
If overheating occurs, the steam pushes the water level lower, slows the reaction and is
protects the reactor
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7.3.3 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)
www.nrc.gov
http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/ops-experience/vessel-head-degradation/vessel-head-degradation-files/pwr-rx-vessel.html 040202
7.3.4 CANDU Reactor
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7.3.5 Mixed Oxide Reactor
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http://www.fepc.or.jp/english/nuclear_power/cycle/thermal.html
7.3.6 Pebble-bed; Breeder reactor
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7.3.7 Fusion Reactors
www.llnl.gov
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva_laser
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7.3.7.1 New Fission/Fusion Reactor Studied
www.dailytech.com/New+FusionF
ission+System+Invented+Promise
s+Clean+Nuclear+Power/article1
4081.htm
7.4 The Fuel Cycle and the Spent Fuel Problem
www.bnl.gov
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7.4.1 Spent Fuel Diversion & Nuclear Weapons
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7.6 Safety Record
www.grida.no & AMAP
http://www.solcomhouse.com/tmi.htm
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7.6.2 Boric Acid Problem near Lake Erie, OH
Boric acid (moderator) leaks were found under insulation; now fixed
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7.7 Risk Assessment (from Failure Analysis)
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7.8 Conflicts and Controversy
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7.9 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
Low-cost electricity Potential for radiation
due to Gov’t subsidies, leakage and health
services, & insurance effects
Provides “baseload” Possible terrorist
constant power to target
carry most of the load Useful just as
Clean power without threat
air pollution (no CO2?) Apparent cheap power
Requires highly paid retards renewable
work force (job votes) energy development
Source of local What to do with the
taxation revenue spent fuel?
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7.10 Degree of Nuclear Use
http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ 090124
7.11 Shutdown Scenario for “Anti-Nucs”
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7.12 Future Trends in Nuclear Energy
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7.C Conclusion
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Olin Engineering Complex 4.7 kW Solar PV Roof Array
Questions?
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7.B References: Books
Glasstone, Samuel. The Effects of Nuclear Weapons. 1950 out of print, ~$315.
Brower, Michael. Cool Energy. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, 1992. 0-262-02349-0,
TJ807.9.U6B76, 333.79’4’0973.
Duffie, John and William A. Beckman. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. NY:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 920 pp., 1991
Gipe, Paul. Wind Energy for Home & Business. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea
Green Pub. Co., 1993. 0-930031-64-4, TJ820.G57, 621.4’5
Patel, Mukund R. Wind and Solar Power Systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999, 351
pp. ISBN 0-8493-1605-7, TK1541.P38 1999, 621.31’2136
Sørensen, Bent. Renewable Energy, Second Edition. San Diego: Academic Press,
2000, 911 pp. ISBN 0-12-656152-4.
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7.R References: Websites, etc.
www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter13.html
http://fsv.homestead.com/FSVHistory.html
http://eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/nuc_reactors/superla.html
http://www.fpl.com/environment/nuclear/nuclear_power_serves_you.shtml
_______________________________________________________________
_
mailto:energyresources@egroups.com
www.dieoff.org. Site devoted to the decline of energy and effects upon
population
www.ferc.gov/ Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
www.google.com/search?q=%22renewable+energy+course%22
solstice.crest.org/
dataweb.usbr.gov/html/powerplant_selection.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power
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Slide stockpile follows!
Older slides follow this one.
Look at these if you have
interest or time. It’s difficult
to decide what to leave out
of the lecture to save time!