INTRODUCTION TO

DALE'S CONE AND DIRECT

PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCES
AND CONTRIVED
EXPERIENCES
 EDGAR DALE
WAS AN AMERICAN EDUCATOR
WHO DEVELOPED THE CONE OF
EXPERIENCE, ALSO KNOWN AS
THE LEARNING PYRAMID .
 DALE'S CONE OF EXPERIENCE

✿ is a model that incorporates several theories related to instructional

design and learning processes. Edgar Dale theorized that learners
retain more information by what they “do” as opposed to what is
“heard”, “read” or “observed”.
 DALE'S CONE OF EXPERIENCE

✿ is a visual model that is composed of eleven (11) stages starting from

concrete experiences at the bottom of the cone then it becomes more
and more abstract as it reach the peak of the cone.
 DIRECT, PURPOSEFUL
EXPERIENCE

✿ These are our concrete experiences and first hand Experiences that
make up the foundation of our learning
 CONTRIVED EXPERIENCE

✿ is edited version of direct experiences design to simulate to real-

life situation, examples are model, mock up, objects, specimens,
games and simulation.
WHILE LEARNING BY DOING (DIRECT,
PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCE) MAY BE
BETTER THAN LEARNING THROUGH
ABSTRACTION (SYMBOLIC
EXPERIENCE)
 TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING 1

T H E C O N EO F E X P E R I E
NCE BY: EDGAR
DALE

PRESENTED BY: MARY CARMEL SININING

AB - POLITICAL SCIENCE - III

UNIVERSITY OF CEBU - MAIN CAMPUS

SANCIANGKO ST, CEBU CITY, 6000 CEBU
 Things to attain in this module...
What is Cone of Experience?
DRAMATIZE
D Dramatized Experience
EXPERIENCE
&
DEMONSTRATION
Demonstrations
S
Wrap-up
''The Cone is a visual analogy and
like all analogies, it does not bear
an exact and detailed relationship
to the complex elements it
represents.''
- Dale
WHAT IS THE
C O N E O FE X P E R I E N C E ?
>Cone of Experience mean that not all teaching and
learning should move systematically from the base to
the pinnacle or from the direct purposeful experiences
to verbal symbols.
>Dale's Cone of Experience is a model that
incorporates several theories related to instructional
design and learning processes.

>This was introduced by Edgar Dale (1946) in

his textbook on audio visual methods in
teaching.
>Dale made minor modifications of the visual in the
second edition (1954) changing Dramatic Participation to
> “Reconstructed Experiences”
>Can be used to simplify an event or idea to its most
important parts.
> Help get closer to certain realities that are no
longer
available at first hand
> Divided into two categories
Acting (Role Playing)– actual participation (more
concrete)
Observing – watching a dramatization take
place
(more
abstract)
Other forms:
1. Plays
2. Puppets
3. Pageant
4. Pantomime
5. Tableu
A visualized explanation of an important fact, idea or process by the
use of:
1. Photographs
2. Drawings
3. Films
4. Displays
5. Guided motions
• Showing how things are done.
– How to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich
– How to play the piano
– How to lift a fingerprint
• Visualized explanation of an important fact, idea, or process
•Demonstrations are a great mixture of concrete hands-on
application and more abstract verbal explanation.

DEMONSTRATIONS
TO WRAP UP,
WE LEARNED THAT....

By dramatized experience, we can participate in a reconstructed

experience, even though the original event is far removed from us in
time.

In Demonstrations, it is visualized explanation of an important fact, idea

or process by the use of photographs, drawings, films, displays, or
guided motions. It is showing how things are done.

Each level of the cone above its base moves a learner a step further
away from real- life experiences, so experiences focusing only on the
use of verbal symbols are the furthest removed from real life.
 Study Trips
- extend the student's understanding of experiences through
trips, excursions, or visits in different places that are not
available inside the classroom

Reporter: Ms. Satinitigan

 - a collection of arts or objects on display for
the public to see

- "for your eyes" only experiences

- some exhibits include sensory experiences

*Sensory experiences - activities that help a child learn and

develop a greater understanding of the world by using the 5
senses

Exhibits
 Motion Pictures and Still Pictures, Recordings and Radio
Dales Cone of Experience

Motion pictures – (motion picture is also called a film) Or another term for movie. Invited by Thomas Edison

The first Motion picture

Roundhay Garden Scene (1888) The world’s earliest surviving motion pictures film. Showing actual consecutive action
is called Roundhay Garden Scene. It is a short film directed by French inventor Louis Le Prince. While it’s just 2.11
seconds along it is technically move.

Reporter: Ms. Perez

Still Pictures- A still image is a single static image,
as distinguished from a moving image.
Recordings- Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical, mechanical, or digital
inscription and recreation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental
movie, or sound effects.

It can be used:
•Records evidence
•Live online discussions
•Audio source materials
Radio- Is a way to send electíomagnet signals
oveí a long distance, to deliveí infoímation fíom
one place to anotheí.
VISUAL AND
VERBAL
SYMBOLS
VISUAL AND VERBAL SYMBOLS

✶ these two (2) are the most complex and abstract among all the
components of the CONE EXPERIENCE.
 VISUAL SYMBOLS

✶ are representation of direct reality, which comes in the form of

signs and symbols.

✶ the ff. are the diff. kinds of visual symbols namely, DRAWINGS,
SKETCHES, CARTOONS, COMICS/STRIP DRAWING,
DIAGRAMS, CHARTS AND GRAPHS, MAPS AND POSTERS.
EXAMPLES OF VISUAL SYMBOLS

DRAWINGS SKETCHES CARTOONS

 EXAMPLES OF VISUAL SYMBOLS

COMICS/STRIP DRAWING DIAGRAMS CHARTS and GRAPHS

EXAMPLES OF VISUAL SYMBOLS

MAPS POSTERS
 VERBAL SYMBOLS

✶ show meaning or emotion through writing or spoken words

✶ the LANGUAGE
 TWO TYPES

✶ Written words - more abstract.

✶ it has saved lives, circulated powerful ideas, preserved traditions and
memories, and so much more.

✶ Spoken words - less abstract

✶ is written on a page but performed for an audience. It relies on a
heavy use of rhythm, improvisation, rhymes, word play and slang.
DALE'S CONE OF EXPERIENCE

✶ The Cone of Experience is a visual representation of the

impression that learning activities can be placed in extensive
categories based on the amount to which they express the non-
abstract referents of real-life experiences. The Dale's cone of
experience helps teachers to plan different kinds of learning
experiences in order to create the most effective learning
environment for the purpose of studying geographical contents.
Dale's cone of Experience provides teaching and learning models
that allows teachers to understand how to increase the retention
rate of learners by involving the learner.
THANKS
FOR
LISTENIN'
TEAM 3 QUIZ 1: DALE'S CONE OF
EXPERIENCES
GENERAL DIRECTIONS: THIS IS A 15- ITEM TEST. PLEASE
READ EACH QUESTION CAREFULLY AND ANSWER IT WITHIN
30 MINUTES.
LINK WILL BE GIVEN.