Basic Surgical

Instruments
Iwan Budiwan Anwar
INTRODUCTION
 In the Operating theatre 
Team relationship must be adequately
(surgeon, nurse, anaestesiologist )

 Instruments arrangement 
pay attention before, during, after the surgery

 Important 
to count one by one the instruments
from beginning UNTIL the surgery was done
INSTRUMENTS
Defined as
tools & equipments that used in the
surgery

Based on Needs, consists of

1. Basic Instruments
2. Additional (special) Instruments
Basic instruments for simple surgery
Desinfection clamp 1
Towel clamp 12
Scalpel no.4 2
Scalpel no.3 2
Chirrurgie forceps 2
Artery clamp straight 6
Artery clamp curved 6
Kocher clamp straight 6
Kocher clamp straight 6

Metzenbeum Scissors 1
Mayo suture Scissors 1
Needle holders 2
Retractors :
- sharp 2
- blunt 2
- row 2
- Langenback 2
Basic surgical instruments and their use

1. Cutting and dissecting

instruments,
2. Grasping instruments,
3. Instruments used for
hemostasis,
4. Retracting instruments,
5. Wound closure instrument,
 Cutting and
dissecting
Instruments
Scalpels
Consists of
A. Handle
• with a
Blade
disposable
Handle blade
• Conventional
scalpel

B. Blade,
Conventional scalpel

Handle with a disposable blade

Handle scalpel

• No 3
for blade 10, 11, 15

• No 4
for 20,21,22,23,24
Blade
- A disposable blade is attached to the
resterilizable metalic handle before the
operation

- Used for
1) making an incision on the skin,
2) dissecting the connective tissues, and
3) preparation of a scarred tissue.
 Blades with various sizes and shapes

No.10

Large skin incisions

No.11 o Sharp, pointed

o Small stab incisions

No.12 o Hooked

o Posterior aspect
 Remember..
• Pen Grasp: Allow maximal control
• Hold mobile tissue firmly
• Press down firmly
• Single- patient use: dulled easily
• Several incisions : single operation- 2nd blade

Dull blades: no clean sharp incisions

Scissors

Mayo Operating Scissors

Metzenbaum
(Cut suture, clothes, gauze)
(cut and dissect tissue)
 Mayo Operating Scissors

Metzenbaum scissors
Kind of other scissors
Iris Suture Scissors

• Used to remove bandages and

dressings
• Probe tip is blunt; inserted under
bandages with relative safety

• Used to remove sutures

• Blade has beak or hook
to slide under sutures Lister Bandage Scissors
Correct holding of the ring-ended instruments with
right hands
 Grasping
Instruments
• Thumb forceps are used to grasp tough tissue
(fascia).   

• Forceps may either have many teeth or a

single tooth.   

• Single tooth forceps are also called "rat tooth

forceps
Plain Thumb Forceps/ Anatomic Forceps

 Used to hold tissue in place when applying suture

 Used to gently move tissues out of the way during

exploratory surgery

 Used to insert packing into or remove objects from deep

cavities
 Toothed Tissue Forceps/ Chirrurgie forceps

• Used for grasping

and holding
tissue, muscle or
skin surrounding
a wound

• Single toothed on
one side; fits
between two teeth
on the other side
Adson (thumb) tissue forceps/ Dura forceps
oGrasp Delicate
forceps

oGently hold tissue

& stabilize

oDon’t grasp too

tight- crushing

oNon-
toothed/toothed
Splinter Forceps

• Fine tip for foreign

object retrieval
Correct holding of the forceps
Allis Tissue forceps

o Locking handles
- proper placement
- held by asst. :necessary tension

o Teeth which will firmly grip the

tissue

o Removal of large amounts of

fibrous tissue:

o Never : tissue to be left in mouth-

crushing injury
Babcock tissue (intestinal) holding forceps

Instruments used f hemostasis

Instruments
used for hemostasis
Hemostatic forceps
Traumatic Ι Atraumatic hemostatic forceps

Kocher Lumnitzer Bulldog Blalock Satinsky

Curved Mosquito Hemostat
• Used to hold delicate
tissue
• Used to compress
bleeding vessels
• Jaws are fully
serrated
Kelly Hemostat

• Used to clamp small vessels or hold tissue

• Jaws are partially serrated
• Curved or straight
Retracting and Exposing
Instrument
 Rake retractor Roux-retractor
Skin Hook
Langen beck retractor

Abdominal wall retractor

Weilaner self-retractor Gosset self-retractor
Wound-closing
instruments
Needle holders

Mathieu needle holder Hegar needle holder

 Towel-holding clamps

Bachaus towel clamp Schaedel towel clips

Thank you