POLITICAL SCIENCE PROJECT

NAME:AARUSHI
CLASS:XII-F
ROLL NO :1
TOPIC:INTEGRATION OF PRINCELY STATES (HYDERABAD AND MANIPUR)
 INDEX
S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO. SIGNATURE
1. WHAT ARE PRINC-
LY STATES ? 1 -3
2. NIZAM OF HYDR-
ABAD 4-6
3. STANSTILL AGRE-
EMENT 7-8
4. RAZAKARS 9-10
5. MAHARAJA OF
MANIPUR 11-13
6. INSTRUMENT OF
ACCESSION(MA-
NIPUR) 14-16
7. MANIPUR AFTER
MERGER AGREEM
ENT 17-19
 WHAT ARE PRINCELY STATES?
A princely state, also called a native state, feudatory
state or Indian state (for those states on the subcontinent), was
a vassal state  under a local or indigenous or regional ruler in
a subsidiary alliance with the British Raj. Though the history of the
princely states of the subcontinent dates from at least the classical
period of Indian history, the predominant usage of the
term princely state specifically refers to a semi-sovereign
principality on the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj that
was not directly governed by the British, but rather by a local ruler,
subject to a form of indirect rule on some matters. The imprecise
doctrine of paramountcy allowed the government of British India
to interfere in the internal affairs of princely states individually or
collectively and issue edicts that applied to all of India when it
deemed it necessary.
Princely states map
 NIZAM OF HYDRABAD
The Nizams were the 18th-through-20th-century rulers of Hyderabad. Nizam of
Hyderabad (Niẓām ul-Mulk, also known as Asaf Jah) was the title of the monarch of
the Hyderabad State (as of 2019 divided between the state of Telangana, Hyderabad
Karnataka region of Karnataka and the Marathwada region of Maharashtra). Nizam,
shortened from Nizam-ul-Mulk, meaning Administrator of the Realm, was the title
inherited by Asaf Jah I. He was the viceroy of the Great Mughal in the Deccan, the
premier courtier in Mughal India in 1724, and the founding "Nizam of Hyderabad".

When the East India Company achieved paramountcy over the Indian

subcontinent, they allowed the Nizams to continue to rule their princely states as
client kings. The Nizams retained internal power over Hyderabad State until 17
September 1948, when Hyderabad was integrated into the new Indian Union. The
Asaf Jah dynasty had only seven rulers; however there was a period of 13 unstable
years after the rule of the first Nizam when three of his sons (Nasir Jung, Muzafar
Jung and Salabath Jung) ruled. They were never officially recognised as rulers. The
seventh and last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, fell from power when India annexed
Hyderabad in 1948 which is known as operation polo or police action
HYDERABAD (WHEN IT WAS A PRINCELY STATE )
 STAND STILL AGREEMENT
A standstill agreement was an agreement signed between the newly
independent dominions of India and Pakistan and the princely states of the British
Indian Empire prior to their integration in the new dominions. The form of the
agreement was bilateral between a dominion and a princely state. It provided that
all the administrative arrangements then existing between the British Crown and
the state would continue unaltered between the signatory dominion (India or
Pakistan) and the princely state, until new arrangements were made.

The Nizam of Hyderabad, who had previously received a three-month extension

to agree new arrangements with the Dominion of India, wrote to the
Government of India on 18 September that he was willing to make a treaty of
association with India. But he maintained that an accession would lead to
disturbance and bloodshed in the state. On 11 October, Hyderabad sent a
delegation to Delhi with a draft Standstill agreement, which was characterised
as "elaborate" by V. P. Menon, the secretary of the States Department. The
States minister Vallabhbhai Patel rejected any agreement that would not
completely cede Defence and External affairs to the Government of India. Upon
the advice of Governor General Louis Mountbatten, Menon prepared a new
draft agreement which was sent back with the Hyderabad delegation.
 RAZAKARS
The Razakars were a private militia organised by Qasim Razvi during the rule
of Nizam Mir Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII.  They resisted the integration
of Hyderabad State into the Dominion of India. They also had plans to make the
Nizam accede his princely state to Pakistan instead of India. Eventually, the Indian
Army routed the Razakars during Operation Polo. Qasim Razvi was initially jailed
and then allowed to move to Pakistan where he was granted asylum, on an
undertaking that he would migrate to Pakistan within forty-eight hours of his
release.
 MAHARAJA OF MANIPUR

Maharaja  Bodhchandra Singh or Bodhachandra Singh (1908–1955) was the last ruler

of the Kingdom of Manipur. He ruled between 1941 and 15 October 1949.
 He married seven or nine women, his first wife being HH Srimati Maharani
Tharendra Kishori (Rajkumari Ram Priya Devi), who died in 1942; she was daughter
of the Raja of Bodo Khimedi.
During his lifetime the Princely State of Manipur was extinguished and absorbed by
the Government of India. He was succeeded by Maharaja Okendrajit Singh, but there
were no further princes after the state was extinguished and the privileges of the
native princes abolished.
 INSTRUMENT OF ACCESSION
565 princely states existed in India during the period of British rule. These were not
parts of British India proper, having never become possessions of the British Crown,
but were tied to it in a system of subsidiary alliances.
The Government of India Act 1935 introduced the concept of the Instrument of
Accession, wherein a ruler of a princely state could accede his kingdom into the
'Federation of India'. The federation concept was initially opposed by the Indian
princes, but it is believed that they came around to its acceptance by the beginning
of World War II.
In 1947 the British finalised their plans for quitting India, and the question of the
future of the princely states was a conundrum for them. As they were not British,
they could not be partitioned by the British between the new sovereign nations of
India and Pakistan. The Indian Independence Act 1947 provided that the suzerainty
of the British Crown over the princely states would simply be terminated, effective
15 August 1947. That would leave the princely states completely independent, even
though many of them had been dependent on the Government of India for defence,
finance, and other infrastructure. With independence, it would then be a matter for
each ruler of a state to decide whether to accede to India or Pakistan, independence
for princely states ruled out—they would join either India or Pakistan.
 MANIPUR AFTER MERGER AGREEMENT

The Constituent Assembly was eager to disable Manipur from being protectionist so that all Indians would be
allowed to freely move in and around Manipur (Kumar Chaudhari 2 December 1948). They were worried that
many in the Naga Hills were ‘misguided by certain persons into thinking that, with the withdrawal of British
authority, the country would go back to them...’ (Jaipal Singh 30 July 1947). Assam should at any cost be
controlled: if Assam were to go into the hands of somebody who is ‘not in favour of the whole of India,
if Assam were in the hands of an adverse power, the whole of India would have gone too’ (Nichols Roy 19
November 1949). Accordingly, Sardar Patel had to take up ‘my bounden duty to work for the consolidation of
freedom’ (Menon 1985: 93). He used coercive tactics to ensure that the Shillong Accord was signed at any
cost. (Rustomji 1971:107-9).
It is common knowledge to the people of Manipur that the Maharaja was invited to Shillong for some
unspecified discussion with the Governor of Assam in September 1949 and he was compelled to sign the
Merger Agreement dated 21-9-1949 under threat, duress and/or misrepresentation of facts and circumstances.
The said Agreement purporting to be between the Governor-General of India and His Highness the Maharaja
of Manipur did not in terms cede the territory of Manipur State to the Dominion of India but Purported to cede
only the full and exclusive authority, jurisdiction and powers for and in relation to the governance of the State
of Manipur and to transfer the administration of the State to the Dominion Government of India on October
15, 1949. The said Agreement was signed by Shri Bodhachandra Singh, as Maharaja of Manipur, and Shri
Vapal Pangunni Menon, as Adviser to the Government of India, Ministry of State, on behalf or as a delegate or
plenipotentiary of India.