PLANNING

by Cedric Sudario

BSCE | University of Mindanao

 Nature of Planning
• A plan is the output of planning which will provide a
methodical way of achieving desired results. This serves
as a useful guide to achieve the company’s goal.
According to
Nickels
Nickels defines planning
as a management function
that involves anticipating
future trends and
determining the best
strategies and tactics to
achieve the organizational
goals.
According to
Cole and
Hamilton
Cole and Hamilton defines
planning as help in deciding
who will do it, what will be
done, when, where, and how
it will be done, and the
standards to which it will be
done.
 03

Planning at a Various
Management
There are three known aspects of planning performed at
different levels

1. TOP MANAGEMENT 2. MIDDLE LEVEL OF 3. LOWER LEVEL OF

LEVEL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
 Top Management Level

• This level of management consists of an organization’s board of

directors and the chief executive or managing director

• The ultimate source of power and authority

• Main priority is on the strategic planning and execution of the overall

business success.
 Middle level of Management
The branch and departmental managers form this middle management level.

• These people are directly accountable to top management for the functioning of
their respective departments, devoting more time to organizational and directional
functions.

• For smaller organizations, there is often only one layer of middle

management, but larger enterprises can see senior and junior levels within
this middle section.
 Lower Level of Management
• This level of management consists of supervisors, foremen, section offic ers,
superintendents

• managers at the lower level are primarily concerned with the execution
and coordination of day-to-day workflow that ensure completion of
projects and that deliverables are met.
• Artificial
Intelligence (AI)
New Business
Technology
• The Internet of trends
Things

• 5G Business technology trends helps the business

improve their productivity, profitability, and
competitive performance.
 The value of artificial intelligence
lies largely in the intangible

From robotic process automation (RPA), which

uses software robots to fully automate (and
improve through iterative correction) repetitive,
Artificial tedious, and high-volume tasks, to data analytics
and decision making powered by deep learning,
Intelligence it’s the unseen virtual minds of AI technology, and
not physical bodies, that power better business
(AI) strategies, real-time analytics, and more strategic
and profitable business decisions.

strengthening security and improving performance

while freeing staff to focus their skills and
attention on higher-value tasks.
 IoT devices cover a very broad range of
applications. Internet-connected fridges that tell
you when you’re low on milk, Amazon’s “Dash”

The Internet of
automated reordering buttons, and all the
doorbells, lights, thermostats and other appliances

Things
controlled through smartphone apps are all
examples of consumer IoT devices.
 The leap to the fifth generation of cellular network
might seem more likely to concern mobile gamers
and binge-watchers than Chief Information
Officers, but this is one upgrade with serious
potential for productivity enhancements.

5G As an emerging technology, 5G’s real promise

lies in the potential to power an even larger
Internet of Things, enhancing real-time
collaboration, communication, and asset
management, as well as data analysis and
strategic decision making.