ANALYSIS FOR EXTERNAL

REACTIONS AND INTERNAL

STRESS RESULTANTS OF
STATICALLY DETERMINATE
STRUCTURES
BEAMS
Three (3) Equations of Equilibrium
Illustrative Example. 4
The beam shown is subjected to a uniform load of 8
kN/m and an inclined load 40 kN acting at 30 ⁰ C with
the Vertical. The support at B is assumed to be a roller.

1.Compute the Reaction at B.

2.Compute the Vertical Component of the Reaction at A.
3.Compute the Horizontal Component of the Reaction at A.
Illustrative Example. 4 𝑃 =40 cos30=20 √ 3   𝑦

 𝑃 𝑥 =40 sin 30=20

Ax

Ay By

∑ 𝑀 𝐵=0
 
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
 
+
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0
 

+
+
 𝐴 𝑦 ( 8 ) −8 ( 4 ) ( 2+4 ) =0  𝐴 𝑦 +𝐵 𝑦 =8 ( 4 )+ 20 √3=0  𝑃 𝑥 − 𝐴 𝑥 =0

 𝐴 𝑦 =24 𝑘𝑁   24  𝐴 𝑥 =20 𝑘𝑁
𝐵  𝑦 =42.6410 𝑘𝑁

1.Compute the Reaction at B.

2.Compute the Vertical Component of the Reaction at A.
3.Compute the Horizontal Component of the Reaction at A.
Illustrative Example 5
From the beam shown, it carries a trapezoidal load
which varies from 2 kN/m at A to a maximum of 3 kN/m
at C, then decreases to 2 kN/m at the right support B. A
clockwise moment of 600 kN – m is applied at point C.

1.Determine the Reaction at B.

2.Determine the vertical Component of the Reaction at A.
3.Determine the Horizontal Component of the Reaction at A.
Illustrative Example 5
1 kN/m
2kN/m
Ax
Bx

Ay By

+ ∑ 𝑀 𝐴=0
 

  1 𝐵
  𝑥 =𝐵 sin 60
𝐵 𝑦 ( 24 ) −2 ( 24 ) ( 12 ) − ()
2
( 3 ) ( 24 ) ( 12 ) − 600=0
𝐵
  𝑦 =55 𝑘𝑁

60
  °
𝐵=110
  𝑘𝑁
1.Determine the Reaction at B. 𝐵  𝑦 =𝐵 cos 60
2.Determine the vertical Component of the Reaction at A.
3.Determine the Horizontal Component of the Reaction at A.
 Illustrative Example 5
1 kN/m
2kN/m
Ax
Bx

Ay By

  +
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
 

12
+
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0
 

𝐴 𝑦 + 𝐵 𝑦 =( 2+3 )
2 ( )
(2)=0 𝐵
  𝑥 =𝐵 sin 60

 𝐴 𝑦 +55=60 𝐵
  𝑥 =110 sin 60
 𝐴 𝑦 =5 𝑘𝑁 𝐵  𝑥 =9 5.2628 𝑘𝑁
 𝐴 𝑥 =9 5.2628 𝑘𝑁 6  0 °
𝐵=110
  𝑘𝑁 1.Determine the Reaction at B. 𝐵  𝑦 =𝐵 cos60
2.Determine the vertical Component of the Reaction at A.
3.Determine the Horizontal Component of the Reaction at A.
Illustrative Example 6.
From the compound beam shown, point C is a
pin and A is a roller.

1. Compute the reaction at A.

2. Compute the reaction at B.
3. Compute the reaction at C.
 Illustrative Example 6.

2kN/m
Cy Bx
Cx Cx
MB

Ay Cy By

∑ 𝑀 𝐶 =0
 
𝑅 
2
= √ 𝑅 𝐴𝑥 +𝑅 𝐴𝑦
2
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
 
+
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0
 

+
+
𝐴
  1 6
𝐴𝑦 ( 6) − (𝐴 =2) 𝑘𝑁 ( )
2
( 2) (6 )
3
=0 𝑅 𝐴 =2 𝑘𝑁
  −𝐶
  𝑦 +𝐵 𝑦 − 2 ( 4 ) =0
𝐵  𝑦 =12 𝑘𝑁
𝐶
  𝑥 =𝐵 𝑥 =0
  𝑦
𝐼  𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑈𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑅  𝐵= √ 𝑅 𝐵𝑥 2+𝑅 𝐵𝑦2
𝑟=(3+𝑒 ∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
  +
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0
 
+

  𝑐) 𝑅 𝐵=12 𝑘𝑁
 
  1
𝑟=4
  𝑒  𝑐 =1 ( 𝐻𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 ) 𝐴 𝑦 +𝐶 𝑦 =
2
(2)( 6)=0 () 𝐶
  𝑥 =0
∑ 𝑀 𝐵=0
 

+
𝑅  𝐶 =√ 𝑅𝐶𝑥2 +𝑅 𝐶𝑦2
  4 SDE   2+
−
  4 ( 4 ) − 2 ( 4 ) ( 2 ) + 𝑀 𝐵 =0
𝐶
  𝑦 =4
𝑀
  kN   𝐵 =32 𝑘𝑁 −𝑚
Illustrative Examples 7.
• Determine the reaction at supports A, B,
D, and F
 Illustrative Examples 7.

8K
C E
2 K/ft Cy Ey
D F
A Cx Ex
Ax 8ft B 4ft 4ft 2ft 4ft 4ft
Cy Ey

∑ 𝑀 𝐸=0
 

+
Ay By Dy Fy
∑ 𝑀 
=0 ∑ 𝑀
 
+

=0 𝐹
  𝑦 ( 8 ) − 8(4)=0

+
𝐴
𝐵  ( 8 )+ 𝐶 ( 12 ) − 2(12)(6) 𝐶 𝐹
𝑦 𝑦 𝐷
  ( 4 ) − 𝐸 (6)=0
𝑦 𝑦
  𝑦 =4 𝑘
𝐵
  𝑦 =15 𝑘 𝐷
  𝑦 =6 𝑘
+
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0
 
 𝐴 𝑥 =0 +
∑ 𝐹  𝑥=0
 
𝐶
  𝑥 =0
+
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0
 
𝐸
  𝑥 =0

∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
 
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0 ∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
 
+

+
 𝐴 𝑦 + 𝐵 𝑦 +𝐶 𝑦 − 2(12) 𝐷
  𝑦 −𝐶 𝑦 − 𝐸 𝑦 =0 𝐸
  𝑦 + 𝐹 𝑦 =8
 𝐴 𝑦 =7 𝑘 𝐶
  𝑦 =2 𝑘   k
Illustrative Examples 8.
• The compound beam is pin supported
at C and supported by a roller at A and
B. There is a hinge (pin) at D.
Determine the reactions at the
supports. Neglect the thickness of the
beam.
 Illustrative Examples 8.

8K 12K
D Dy 15K-ft
4
E
Dx
3 Cx
6ft 4ft 2ft 8ft 8ft 8ft
30⁰ Dy
A B C
4K Ay By

∑ 𝑀 𝐶 =0
  Cy

+
∑ 𝑀 
=0
+

𝐷   ( 16 ) − 1.8692 ( 24 ) − 15 −12 4
 𝐴 ( 6 ) −8 ( 2 ) − 4 cos 30(12)=0
𝑦
 𝐴 𝑦 =9.5949 𝑘
𝐵 𝑦 ()
5
(8)=0
𝐵
  𝑦 =8.5413 𝑘

∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
  +
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0
 

∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0
  +
∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0
 
+

 𝐴 𝑦 +𝐷 𝑦 −8 − 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30=0 𝐷
  𝑥 =4 sin 30   +𝐶 −1.8692 −12 4 𝐷
𝐷
  𝑦 =1.8692𝑘 𝐷
  𝑥 =2 𝑘
𝐵 𝑦 𝑦 () 5
=0   𝑥 =𝐶 𝑥
𝐶
  𝑥 =2 𝑘
𝐶
  𝑦 =2.9279 𝑘
2.1.1 INTERNAL LOADINGS
DEVELOPED IN STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS
Procedure for Analysis
• The following procedure provides a
means for applying the method of
sections to determine the internal
normal force, shear force, and bending
moment at a specific location in a
structural member.
• Support Reactions
Before the member is “cut” or sectioned,
it may be necessary to determine the
member’s support reactions so that the
equilibrium equations are used only to
solve for the internal loadings when the
member is sectioned.
Free-Body Diagram
• Keep all distributed loadings, couple moments, and
forces acting on the member in their exact location,
then pass an imaginary section through the member,
perpendicular to its axis at the point where the
internal loading is to be determined.
• After the section is made, draw a free-body diagram
of the segment that has the least number of loads on
it. At the section indicate the unknown resultants N, V,
and M acting in their positive directions.
Equations of Equilibrium
• Moments should be summed at the section
about axes that pass through the centroid of
the member’s cross-sectional area, in order to
eliminate the unknowns N and V and thereby
obtain a direct solution for M.
• If the solution of the equilibrium equations
yields a quantity having a negative magnitude,
the assumed directional sense of the quantity
is opposite to that shown on the free-body
diagram.
Relationship between
Loads, Shear and Moment
• Thus, the rate of change of the bending moment with
respect to x is equal to the shearing force or the
slope of the moment diagram at the given point is
the shear at that point.
• Thus, the rate of change of the shearing force with
respect to x is equal to the load or the slope of the
shearing diagram at the given point equals the load
at that point.
• If W(x) is a curve of degree n, then V(x) will be a
curve of degree n+1 , and then M(x) will be a curve of
n+2.
• The Change of Shear or Moment between two
segments is equal to the area of the load or shear at
that segment.
Illustrative Example 9.
• Draw the Shear and Moment Diagram
Illustrative Example 10.
• Determine the internal normal force,
shear force and bending moment at
point C. Assume the reactions at the
supports A and B are vertical
Illustrative Example 11.
• Draw the Shear and Moment
Diagram
Illustrative Example 12.
• Draw the Shear and Moment
Diagram