HISTORY : AN

INTRODUCTION
 ◦ The course aims to expose students to various facets of Philippine
History through the lens of the eyewitnesses rather than rely on the
secondary materials such as textbooks which is the usual approach in
COURSE teaching Philippine History. Different types of primary resources will

OVERVIEW be utilized-written (qualitative and quantitative), oral, visual, audio-

visual, digital-covering all the aspects of Philippine life (political,
economic, social, cultural). Students are expected to analyze the

RPH selected readings contextually and in terms of content (stated and

implied). The end goal is for the students to appreciate and understand
our rich past by deriving insights from those who are actually present at
the time of the event.

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 ◦   History comes from the Greek word historia which means
knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation.
It is the account of the past of a person or a group of people
through written document and historical events. It focuses on
writing about wars, revolutions and other important
breakthroughs.
◦
HISTORY the study of an entity with respect to its past, events, people,
and other important variables that contributed to what is
present in a particular context. As a study, it aims to discover,
collect, and interpret data or information from the past. This
may be people or artifacts that serve as proof of the human
record.

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 ◦ a : the writing of history; especially : the writing of
history based on the critical examination of sources,
the selection of particulars from the authentic
materials, and the synthesis of particulars into a
narrative that will stand the test of critical methods; b
HISTORIOGRAPHY : the principles, theory, and history of historical
“how historians ‘do’ history writing
◦ 2) a gathering of information, making sense of it,
rendering it into written form to transmit to reading
public.

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 WHAT IS HISTORY?
1) Past Actuality - All things that have happened until this
moment. Specifically, past human events that are irrevocably
fixed in time and space. It is considered to be absolute and
objective - it is what happened.

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 WHAT IS HISTORY?
2) Record of Past Actuality - The human attempt to recapture the past, to
fix it in words and to give it meaning. It is relative and subjective and is
only a version of what happened from the viewpoint of the recorder. It
used to be primarily considered a written record, but the 20th century saw
a rediscovery of the value of oral history as well as technological
advancement leading to visual mediums (other than art) such as movies
and television as well as recordings.

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 ◦ An exhaustive search for sources of
information.
◦ The study of the information in those
sources.
◦ A critical evaluation of the
historical method information. An active process to
comprehend motives and judge
actions.
◦ The final synthesizing of material and
recasting it according to personal
judgement.
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 “
The basic considerations of method
are the type of sources used and their
reliability.

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 Primary sources include
documents or artifacts created
by a witness to or participant in
an event.  They can be firsthand
Types of testimony or evidence created
during the time period that you
sources are studying.
immediate, first-hand accounts
of a topic, from people who had
a direct connection with it.
Secondary Sources are
one step removed from
primary sources, though
they often quote or
otherwise use primary
sources. They can cover
the same topic, but add a
layer of interpretation and
analysis.
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PRIMARY SOURCES

may include diaries, letters,

interviews, oral histories,
photographs, newspaper
articles, government
documents, poems, novels,
plays, and music.  The
collection and analysis of
primary sources is central to
historical research. 10
SECONDARY
SOURCES
◦ include books and articles
about a topic.  They may
include lists of sources, i.e.
bibliographies, that may
lead you to other primary
or secondary sources.

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Regardless of the type
of source, it must be
reliable. Therefore, the

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Inaccurate, or Biased

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 “
SCHOOLS OF
THOUGHT IN
HISTORIOGRAP
HY

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 Plutarch

History unfolds through… Great People Cause Change

GREAT MAN • All great men affect their time

• Does not necessarily need to be positive
THEORY • Example: Hitler had an effect on their time.

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 the school of thought that
requires empirical and
observable evidence before
POSITIVISM one can claim that a particular
knowledge is true.
(objective and impartial)

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 History unfolds through.. CLASS STRUGGLE/ ECONOMICS

* Ever since human society emerged from its primitive and

MARXISM relatively undifferentiated state it has remained fundamentally
divided between classes who clash in the pursuit of class
interest.

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 is the school of
thought that
suggests to criticize
POSTCOLONIALI
the methods,
SM effects and idea of
colonialism.
(subjective and
bias)
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 ENJOY!
Any questions?

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