Atoms and Molecules

•Basic units of
EVERYTHING!
 Which of these is true?
1. “Atom” and
“molecule” mean
the same thing.
2. Atoms are made of
molecules.
3. Molecules are
made of atoms.
What is the smallest structure in this list that can be seen
with an ordinary desk microscope?

1. Cells.
2. Cell nucleus.
3. Atoms.
4. Chain molecules,
such as proteins.
Atoms
In our model of scale, remember that the
BB represented an atom.
 Electrons

Hydrogen Helium
Neutrons
Protons

As a class, identify the atoms represented here and label the sub-
atomic particles.
 Carbon Oxygen Phosphorous Calcium

What elements are represented here? Use the Periodic Table on

the wall to identify these atoms.

What does the term “valence shell” mean? Label the valence shell
on each of these.
 Ions
Loss or gain of an Losing an electron
electron makes an makes a positive or
- negative ion?
atom into an ion.

Gaining an electron makes

a positive or negative ion?
-
 • Each element

Why is this important?

has distinct
properties:
color, melting
point,
reactivity, etc.

• The basic
atomic
structure of
each element
determines
that element’s
properties.
Change the
structure, and
you have an
Which of these is found in the nucleus of
an atom?

1. Protons
2. Electrons
3. DNA
4. Depends on the atom
An ion is an atom that has lost or
gained:

1. An electron
2. A proton
3. A neutron
4. Any sub-atomic
particle
T or F: An atomic nucleus and a cell
nucleus are about the same size.

1. True
2. False
3. Depends on which cell
and which atom.
 • Molecules are
Atoms bond together
made up of
atoms bonded
together.

• The structure
of an
individual
atom
determines:

• Whether the
atom can
form bonds.

• How many
other atoms
When atoms bond together, they make:

1. Cells
2. Molecules
3. More atoms
4. Ions
5. Isotopes
 Which of these is true?

1. Molecules and cells are

about the same size.
2. Molecules are much
smaller than cells.
3. Cells are much smaller
than molecules.
4. “Cell” and “molecule”
mean the same thing.
 Counting Atoms

• Chemists and physicists need a convenient method for

counting accurately the number of atoms, molecules in a
sample of a substance.

• A mole is a unit that is used to define the number of

particles in a substance.
 MOLE

• Amadeo
Avogadro
(1776 – 1856)

1 mole = 602213673600000000000000
or 6.022 x 1023
There is Avogadro's number of particles in a mole of any substance.
 Which element was first used
to define the Mole?
• Defined as the number of
carbon atoms in exactly 12
grams of carbon-12.

• 12 grams of Carbon
contains the Avogadro
number of Particles
 Mole Calculations
1 mol 12C atoms = 6.02 x 1023 12C atoms

1 mol H2O molecules = 6.02 x 1023

molecules

1 mole NO3- ions = 6.02 x 1023 NO3- ions.

 Molar Mass
The atomic mass of any substance expressed in

grams corresponds to 1 mol of the substance.

Atomic mass of a substance expressed in grams is
the molar mass.
The molar mass of a diatomic substance is equal to
twice its atomic mass.
How to calculate number of
moles?
 EXAMPLE
• Zinc is used as a corrosion-
resistant coating on iron and
steel. It is also an essential
trace element in your diet.

• Calculate the number of

moles that contain 4.50 x
1024 atoms of zinc (Zn).
 EXAMPLE

• A roll of copper wire has a

mass of 848 g.

• How many moles of copper

are in the roll?