LANGUAGE:

DIRECT & REPORTED

SPEECH
 INDIRECT
DIRECT SPEECH
SPEECH/REPORTED
the message of the SPEECH
speaker is conveyed or  is a report on what
reported in his own actual someone else said or
words without any change wrote without using the
also known as quoted that person’s exact words
speech  it doesn’t have quotation
the exact message of the marks
speaker is enclosed in
quotation marks
REPORTED SPEECH USING DIRECT
SPEECH:
*Reporting clause
Gian said, “ I ate pancakes.”
*Reporting verb
Gian said, “ I ate pancakes.”

*Reported clause
Gian said, “ I ate pancakes.”
*Reported verb
Gian said, “ I ate pancakes.”
REPORTED SPEECH USING INDIRECT
SPEECH:

Gian said that he had eaten pancakes.

BASIC RULES IN CHANGING DIRECT
SPEECH (DS) TO REPORTED SPEECH
(RS)
1. Changes in the person of the pronouns
1st person pronouns in a reported clause are always changed
according to the subject of the reporting clause
DS: The boy said, “I like chocolates.”
RS: The boy said that he liked chocolates.
BASIC RULES IN CHANGING DIRECT
SPEECH (DS) TO REPORTED SPEECH
(RS)
2. Changes in verb tense
DS: Helen said, “I will go to the library.”
RS: Helen said that she would go to the library.
DS: The students said, “We won in the contest.”
RS: The students said that they had won in the contest.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
SIMPLE PRESENT (eat, love) SIMPLE PAST (ate, loved)

“
SIMPLE PAST (brought, did) PAST PERFECT (had brought/had done)

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (is/are PAST PROGRESSIVE (was/were

Quotations are commonly printed as a
researching) researching)
PAST PROGRESSIVE (was/were doing)
means of inspiration and PAST
to PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (had been
invoke
doing)

philosophical toughts from

PRESENT PERFECT (has/have kept)
the reader.
PAST PERFECT (had kept)
PAST PERFECT (had seen) PAST PERFECT (had seen)
MODAL VERBS
CAN (can make) COULD (could make)
MAY (may join) MIGHT (might join)
WILL (will participate) WOULD (would participate)
SHALL (shall report) SHOULD (should report)
MUST (must listen) MUST (must listen) 7
BASIC RULES IN CHANGING DIRECT
SPEECH (DS) TO REPORTED SPEECH
(RS)
3. Other significant word changes from direct speech to reported
speech
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
now then
here there
today that day
tomorrow the next day
yesterday the day before
tonight that night
this that
these those
BASIC RULES IN CHANGING DIRECT
SPEECH (DS) TO REPORTED SPEECH
(RS)
4. Conversion of Interrogative direct speech
The reporting verb said or said to is changed to asked, demanded, or
inquired.

DS: Ariel said, “What is the problem?”

RS: Ariel asked what the problem was.
BASIC RULES IN CHANGING DIRECT
SPEECH (DS) TO REPORTED SPEECH
(RS)
5. Conversion of Imperative direct speech
A. For imperatives as commands the reporting verb said or said to is
changed to ordered or commanded.

DS: Ric said, “Give me a glass of milk.”

RS: Ric ordered to give him a glass of milk.
DS: The librarian said to me, “Keep quiet.”
RS: The librarian ordered me to keep quiet.
BASIC RULES IN CHANGING DIRECT
SPEECH (DS) TO REPORTED SPEECH
(RS)
5. Conversion of Imperative direct speech
B. For imperatives as requests the reporting verb said or told is
changed to requested.

DS: He told me, “Please call me.”

RS: He requested me to call him.
BASIC RULES IN CHANGING DIRECT
SPEECH (DS) TO REPORTED SPEECH
(RS)
6. For Yes/No questions
If or whether is used in place of that

DS: Joseph said to Jim, “Will you attend the party?”

RS: Joseph asked Jim if he would attend the party.
Let’s Try This!
1. The teacher said, “I shall give a long quiz tomorrow.”
The teacher said that she/he should give a long quiz the
next day.
2. Billy said, “Why is Linda crying?”
Billy asked why Linda was crying.
3. The old woman said, “Please help me cross the
street.”
The old woman requested to help her cross the street.
Let’s Try This!
4. George said to Vilma, “Do you love me?”
George asked Vilma if she loved him.
5. My father said , “I got a promotion.”
My father said that he had gotten a promotion.