Basic Principle of energy

Topic Outline

•Nature of Energy

•Unit of Energy

•Forms of Energy

•Principles of Heat

http://www.balkaneu.com/mediterranean-2040-how-will-the-energy-map-be-shaped/

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ENERGY
• capacity or power to do work; like: to move an object

• quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to
heat the object. 

• Work is acting over a distance

energy = work = force x distance

• www.dictionary.com/browse/energy
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy

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ENERGY
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS and LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

• Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

• Energy can be exchanged between objects (transfer of energy)

• Energy is conserved

• Energy can also be transformed from one form to another and it is all around us

• www.dictionary.com/browse/energy
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy

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 Energy
Like:

Energy of sound
Energy as a light
Energy from wind
Energy from food……. etc…..

Energy from heat ……. used to caused the temperature of an object to rise
http://slideplayer.com/slide/2323919/
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Unit of ENERGY:
• The SI unit of energy is the joule, J or kJ
kg  m 2
J
s2
CALORIE
• non-SI unit of energy commonly used by chemists.
• amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of
water by one degree Celsius.

The exact definition is given by the equation:

1 cal  4.184 J (exact)
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https://www.slideshare.net/danielduro/forms-of-energy-42438543 7
2 CATEGORIES OF FORMS OF ENERGY
1. Potential Energy, Ep

2. Kinetic Energy, Ek

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 Forms of Energy
POTENTIAL ENERGY
1. Chemical Energy
2. Nuclear Energy
3. Stored Mechanical Energy
4. Gravitational Energy
 
KINETIC ENERGY
1. Radiant Energy
2. Motion
3. Sound
4. Electrical Energy
5. Thermal Energy

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Potential Energy, Ep

1. Chemical Energy
2. Nuclear Energy
3. Stored Mechanical
Energy
4. Gravitational Energy
 

• https://www.thinglink.com/scene/598636039556300801

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Potential Energy, Ep
• Stored energy and the energy of position (gravitational)
• Energy available by virtue of an objects position.
• The energy an object has by virtue of its position in a field of force, such as
gravitational, electric or magnetic field.

Gravitational potential energy is given by the equation

E P  mgh

Where:
m = mass (kg)
g = gravitational constant (9.80 m/s2)
h = height (m) 11
Sample problem
• A box has a mass of 5.8kg. The box is lifted from the garage floor and
placed on a shelf. If the box gains 145J of Potential Energy (Ep), how
high is the shelf?
E P  mgh

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Chemical Energy
• Energy stored within the bonds of chemical substance.
chemical bonding : ionic, covalent and metallic
• It is stored within the structural units of chemical substances.
• When substances participate in chemical reactions chemical energy is
released, stored, or converted to other form of energies, and is
transformed into an entirely new substance

Applications:
Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, propane and coal are few
examples of store chemical energy
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 Ionic solute dissolves in polar solvent
(ion – dipole )

NaCl crystal water

molecule

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Nuclear Energy (nuclear chemistry)
• Energy stored within the collection of neutrons and protons in the
atom.

• Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

• Energy that holds the nucleus together

Examples: energy of nucleus of elements

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STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY:

• Energy stored in an object by the application of a force.

Example: compressed spring;

stretched rubber bands.

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GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY:
• Energy of place or position

Example: water in a reservoir behind a hydropower dam.

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KINETIC ENERGY

• 1. Radiant Energy
• 2. Motion
• 3. Sound
• 4. Electrical Energy
• 5. Thermal Energy

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Kinetic Energy, Ek
• The energy associated with object by virtue of its motion
Example: motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules and
substances, water release to spin the turbine in a
hydropower plant

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Its mathematical equation: E K  mv 2
2

where:
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (m/s)

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Sample problem
A person weighing 75.0 kg (165 lbs) runs a course at 1.78 m/s (4.00
mph). What is the person’s kinetic energy?

EK = ½ mv2

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Radiant Energy (radiation)
• Energy of electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse wave.

It’s solar energy and comes from the sun

It’s primarily Energy Source for Earth

It heats the atmosphere and surface of Earth

Vegetation through photosynthesis

• Example: visible light, x-ray, gamma, rays, radio waves, solar energy 21
Radiation

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Motion and Sound
MOTION:
• Movement of the objects or substances from one place to another place
Example: wind, hydropower

SOUND:
• Movement of energy through substances in longitudinal
(compression/rarefaction) waves.

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Electrical Energy
• Energy associated with the flow of electrons or movements of electrons

Electrochemistry

Example: lightning, electricity

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Thermal Energy
• energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.

• HEAT is the flow of thermal energy. Transformation of energy.

• it’s the energy that is associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules

• temperature is not the measurement of the thermal energy

• it’s depend on quantity: Extensive property

HEAT & THERMAL ENERGY are different

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Application of Energy
Important application of energy are:

Food energy --- energy that come from the food we eat

Fuel energy ---- energy used in cooking food, producing electricity,

moving vehicles like in land, air, water.