AI/ML

APPLICATIONS
DIGITAL
AGRICULTURE

Ramakrishna K
M.Sc. (Ag), MBA, PGPAWASCM
(MANAGE)
INTRODUCTION TO AI
 Data is defined as symbols that represent properties of
objects, events and their environment.
 Information: Information is a message that contains relevant
meaning, implication, or input for decision and/or action
 Knowledge: It is the (1) cognition or recognition (know-
what), (2) capacity to act (know-how), and (3) understanding
(know-why) that resides or is contained within the mind or in
the brain.
 Intelligence: It requires ability to sense the
environment, to make decisions, and to control action.
INTRODUCTION TO AI
 Artificial Intelligence

 making computers that think.

 the automation of activities we associate with human
thinking, like decision making, learning etc.
 the art of creating machines that perform functions
that require intelligence when performed by people.
 the study of mental faculties through the use of
computational models.
INTRODUCTION TO AI

Systems that think

like humans
thought

Systems that acts

behavior like humans
INTRODUCTION TO AI

achieve human-level performance in

all cognitive tasks
INTRODUCTION TO AI
 Systems that think like humans
 Cognitive modeling
 replicates human thought processes
 makes the same decisions as humans
 uses purely logical reasoning
INTRODUCTION TO AI
 Systems that act like humans
 Natural language processing
 for communication with human
 Knowledge representation
 to store information effectively & efficiently
 Automated reasoning
 to retrieve & answer questions using the stored information
 Machine learning
 to adapt to new circumstances
 Computer vision
 to perceive objects (seeing)

 Robotics
 to move objects (acting)
INTRODUCTION TO AI
AI is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of tangible
or intangible systems which not only behave intelligently but also display
behavior to the same level as human beings think and act (and in times to
come, better than them), achieving human-like performance in all
cognitive tasks using purely logical reasoning.

Thus while the ‘artificial’ in AI can be understood as ‘non-biological’, the

‘intelligence’ can be taken as ‘ability to accomplish complex goals or
tasks’.

AI is the cognitive process one can associate with human thinking like
speech recognition, natural language understanding and translation,
knowledge management, image analysis, decision making, learning etc.
which will make systems powerful and useful.
ADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
 Make computers more powerful and useful
 Provides new and improved interfaces
 Solving new problems
 Information Maintenance
 Reduces information overload
 Converts information into knowledge
THE DISADVANTAGES
 Expensive
 Difficulty in design of software development - slow and
expensive
 Dependency with the hardware
 Few experienced programmers
 Few practical products have reached the market as
yet.
ALGORITHMS

 Supervised learning
 Prediction
 Classification (discrete labels), Regression (real values)
 Unsupervised learning
 Clustering
 Probability distribution estimation
 Finding association (in features)
 Reinforcement learning
 Decision making (robot, chess machine)
ALGORITHMS

Supervised learning Unsupervised learning

1
MACHINE LEARNING STRUCTURE
 Supervised learning
MACHINE LEARNING STRUCTURE
 Unsupervised learning
MODERN FARMING CONCENTRATION
 Irrigation

 Biotechnology

 Chemicalfertilizers and pesticides

 Mechanization
MODERN FARMING CONCENTRATION
 Irrigation
 Depends on the reservoir water
 Rainfall dependency
 Water is pumped out and sent along smaller canals or
pipes to the farms.
MODERN FARMING CONCENTRATION
 Biotechnology
Produce crops that can resist pests and diseases
Improve the nutritional contents of crops
Improve the flavor and texture of crops
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES
 Chemical fertilizers are widely used
  soil fertility

 Pesticides, insecticides and fungicides are used to

control pests and diseases
MECHANISATION
WHAT MORE CAN BE DONE IN FARMING?
CHALLENGES IN
AGRICULTURE

Digital technologies and AI have the potential to significantly impact a

number of challenges to Indian agriculture today; though major
change cannot be driven by technology alone
X High impact to solve via
Financi Poor access to X digital/AI

ng credit and
X Low potential to solve via
information digital/AI
X

Farm Small Lack Poor High

inputs land holding size of irrigation mecha dependence
coverage nizatio on rainfall
n of for water
farms
Decr Lack of Pest Changi
Farmi
ease crop infestation ng
ng
in soil diversification leading to cropping
fertility crop loss patterns

Wastage Exploitation of Poor market

Selling in supply chain farmers by discovery
and
intermediarie mechanis
distribut
s ms
ion
21
MAJOR AREAS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
APPLICATION

The growth of ‘agritech’ solutions and startups is indicative of the

growing demand for solutions for
specific applications
X AI enabled
Financi Insurance payouts Data backed X solutions

ng linked to credit
X ‘Traditional’ digital enabled
weather/field risk solutions
X
data assessm
ent
Farm Information Tech enabled Online
inputs dissemination agri-extension marke
through workers t for
chat/SMS/call agri
inputs
Precision farming Real
Farmi Predictive pest
using IoT and time
ng management
remote sensing yield
data forecasti
ng
Price discovery, Track and trace of
Selling
marketing produce
and
distribut through online through supply
channels chain
ion
Source: Harvesting golden opportunities in Indian agriculture, 5
 APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURE

• Crop area forecasting and policy planning

• Weather services, disease monitoring, and crop pest

monitoring

• Farmer level advisory services and insurance services

• Satellite based yield predictions, crop modeling and gap

analysis

• Environmental classification based on drought or other stress

factors

• Farm sensors that enable digital monitoring

• Drone based analysis and spraying services

KEY FACTORS
SOIL/MOISTURE/TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS
ADVANTAGES
 User can monitor their Large fields, forests, gardens
from anywhere using mobile.
 solar energy is plenty and renewable, people can depend
upon this energy thus by saving the other non-renewable
energy sources,
 It optimises the power usage through water resource
management and also saving government’s free
subsidiary electricity
 this proves an efficient and economy way of irrigation
and this will automate the agricultural sect
ANALYZING SATELLITE IMAGES
ADVANTAGES
 Land use land cover mapping
 Crop health monitoring

 Crop inventory

 Soil resource inventory

 Water supply management

 In seasonal agricultural operation
IN FIELD MONITORING
ADVANTAGES
 Drones can do
 Spaying.
 Plant counting: plant size, plot statistics, stand
number, compromised plots, planter skips),
 Plant height: crop height and density
 Vegetation indices: leaf area, anomaly detection,
treatment efficacy, infestations
 Water needs: damage/drown out

 They work in any weather condition

 Easy to maintain
 Less cost and immediate action
 Improved efficiency
PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS
 Weather and climatic conditions forecasting
 Disaster prediction

 Crop analysis

 Rain fall analysis

 Disease cycling
AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS

Classify the farms with disease

Identifying the stage of disease
Image processing the leafs/fruits
Harvesting the fields
Sowing
In field sensors
 GOVT APPS FOR FARMERS

It provides information on current

weather and also the forecast for the next
five days,
market prices of commodities/crops in the
nearest town,
knowledge on fertilizers, seeds,
machinery etc.
The option to to use the app in different
languages makes it more widely accessible.
agricultural advisory, weather, market
prices, agriculture information library
in the form of text, imagery, audio
and videos in the selected language at
profiling stage
Users can choose from over 450 crop
varieties, 1300 mandis, and 3500 weather
locations across 50,000 villages and 17 states
of India
CONCLUSION
 AI/ML techniques help farmers make analysis of
land/soil/health of crop etc.
 Help farmers save time and allow farmers to grow right
crop
in each season that has best yield.
 Vertical cropping can reduce water usage, make efficient land usage,
can be cultivated in urban areas in buildings.
 Reduces the problems with labor unavailability.
 Prediction of next year crop seasons/weather/climate/rainfall etc
 Suggesting appropriate pesticides/crops/place

Including AI/ML to Agriculture is the current need of

India