Sustainability of Concrete:

Part 1
Introduction
 Carbon dioxide contributor to
Environment
Basic ingredients of Concrete
 Sole Concrete Contributors
Sl.no Materials Ill effect Natural Resource Remarks
consumption

1 Cement Co2 Emission Limestone Caco3= cao+co2

2 Fine Aggregates Dry or Over flow of River Sand Need to find

3 Coarse Aggregates
4 Water
rivers alternative to all for
suitable
replacements
Co2, dust Emission Mountains clearing
during Crushing Substitute to Curing
of Concrete.
Polluting and Consuming 12 to
wastage 15% of fresh Water
Bad Vs Good
Basics of concrete
Correct state of fresh concrete
Correct proportioning
Workability (Slump ) Vs W\C
W\C Vs Strength
 PERMEABILITY v/s W/C RATIO
140
Coefficient of permeability - 10 120
100
80
60
40
m/s

20
-14

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Water / Cement Ratio

Mature cement pastes ( 93 per cent of cement hydrated )

 Partial replacement of cement ,as
Supplementary cementitious materials
 chemical Admixtures for concrete :
reduce W\C , increase strength and durability
Natural Fibres
 Fibers impart Enhanced strength,Durability , . .
Ductility , Toughness, Fatigue , Impact , Resilience Energy
absorption, Crack control etc.
Replacement of Natural Sand
Replacement of Coarse aggregates
Substitute to water Curing
Sustainable or Green Concrete Test