Cell structure

Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum-set
of interconnected membranes.
Forms cisternae.
2 types:

Rough ER - studded with

ribosomes that are attached to
cytosolic side of rER

Smooth ER- no ribosomes

*Ribosomes formed in
nucleolus*
The Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - system of
tubes and sacs formed by membranes
Smooth = functions in
lipid synthesis (including
steroids), carbohydrate
synthesis and metabolism,
drug detoxification, and
calcium storage in muscle
cells
Rough = modifies
proteins produced on
the ribosomes.
Synthesis of proteins
for export from the
cell, integral proteins
of cell membrane,
enzymes of lysosomes
 rough endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes

0.5 micrometers
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

0.5 micrometers
vesicles
Figure 3.9 The Golgi Apparatus
Functions of the Golgi
Apparatus
Mitochondrion
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Membrane bound
vessels that pinch
off from Golgi
apparatus
Contain digestive

enzymes
Perform clean up

and duties
Lysosomes
 Lysosome

From Krogh, “Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 2nd edition

nucleus
 Cytoskeleton

Major components:
1. Microtubules (composed of
tubulin subunits)
2. Microfilaments (mostly actin
and myosin)
3. Intermediate filaments

Functions: support & movement of

cellular structures & materials
Cytoskeleton
2 centrioles
direct formation In 9+0 array
of mitotic spindle
Cilia
 Cell surface
projections
 Capable of movement
 Moves materials over
the cell surface
 Sensory capabilities
Centrioles and Cilia
Microvilli
 Extension of plasma
membrane
 Increase the cell
surface
 Normally many on
each cell
 Form a brush border
on the apical
surface of the cell
 Do not move