Motivational context

By: Himani
 Definition of Motivation

Motivation –
 The driving force within
individuals by which they attempt
to achieve some goal in order to
fulfill some needs or expectation.

 The degree to which an individual

wants to choose in certain
behavior.
Motivation as a process..
 It is a process by which a person’s efforts are
energized,directed and sustained towards attaining
the goal.
 Energy- A measure of intensity or drive.
 Direction- Towards organizational goal.
 Persistence- Exerting effort to achieve goal

 Motivation works best when individual needs are

compatible with organizational goal.
Basic model of motivation

Needs or Result in Drive force To Achieve

expectations (Behavior or
Action)

Desired Goals

Feedback

fulfillments Which Provides

Motivation is…
 Complex
 Psychological

 Physical

 Unique to each and every person

 Context sensitive
Indonesia culture
• Indonesian managers, however, are working in their own
country and are working in their own cultural support
systems.
• Motivation differs between Indonesian business culture
and standard Western business culture.
• In Indonesia, where business is always personal,
motivation depends strongly, but not unsurprisingly, on
more personal factors than those of the West.
Contd.

 Family, religion, health, and other so-called

personal factors often determine an Indonesian
manager's performance on a daily basis.
  There is a strong belief in the West that
rewarding extra performance by offering
second shifts, authorizing overtime payments,
increasing appraisal bonuses, and giving other
financial incentives are an effective and time-
tested method of motivating employees.
Contd.
 Indonesian employees are motivated by the
appearance of increasing status.
 Indonesian managers are also motivated by
their loyalty to a superior.
 Cross culture differences in
academics.
 It is predicted that the academic motivation of
Malaysian and U.S. university students would differ for
three primary reasons: (a) selection processes, (b)
family influences, and (c) perceptions of the relative
importance of effort versus ability in determining
academic success
 In all three cases, these differences would likely lead to

higher academic motivation levels among Malaysian

than U.S. students. In addition, academic motivation
among Malaysian students might be influenced more
by affiliation and interpersonal factors, as well as by
effort and persistence.
Contd.
 A college education is more broadly accessible to
students in the United States. 
 Following admission to the university, many American

universities also allow students a fair amount of

flexibility in pursuing degrees. The curriculum often
allows students to choose among courses and
instructors.
 Courses can be dropped early in the semester with a

full refund or dropped by mid-term without a grade

being reported, and failed courses can often be retaken.
Contd..
 Students may also leave college for a time and
return later, or enroll part-time. Such flexibility and
accommodations are not common in Asian
universities
 A higher level of academic motivation may be
required for Asian students to gain access to and
succeed in college. Such selection processes might
also lead Asian students to place greater emphasis
on both the persisting and the achieving aspects in
completing their college educations.
 Factors that affect:

In Asian countries: In U.S:

Social pressure Individual decision

Parents Personal reason rather than social status
Social status of family enhanced Less pressure from parents
Personal sacrifices
Thankyou 