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First Aid PPT - DR Ghazi
First Aid PPT - DR Ghazi
First Aid PPT - DR Ghazi
Prepared by:
DR. GHAZI K. HAMADEH
Chief Physician / Director (A), Medical Center
King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals
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WHAT IS FIRST AID?
It is the immediate assistance or care given to a person who has
been injured or suddenly became ill, from the moment of the
accident until availability of specialized medical care.
Note:
First Aid is not restricted to physical but also involves
psychological support as well.
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1) Examination of the Pulse
Radial Pulse
Brachial Pulse
Carotid Pulse
Feeling Heart Beats on the Chest Wall.
Note:
It is not necessary to feel the pulse, you can Start chest compressions.
If breathing didn’t restart after giving 2 breaths, then starts
compressions
2) Examination of Breathing
Normal Breathing
Dyspnea
Respiratory Arrest
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First Aid Priorities
Save the victim and self
Keep breathing and heart beats
Control Bleeding
Treat Poisoning
Prevent Shock
Examine the victim carefully
Ask for specialized Medical Care
Continue first aid measures until arrival
of medical care providers
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Respiratory Arrest
Breathing may Stop meanwhile the heart is still beating
for few minutes
Breathing may stop because of electrical shock,
drowning, suffocation, poisoning, chest, abdomen and
head trauma.
Steps:
Open the airway
Tilt the head back and raise the chin
FIRST AID
If the victim talks or coughs encourage him to continue coughing.
If the victim can’t talk or cough do 6-10 Abdominal thrusts.
If the victim is unconscious put him on the floor give 2 breaths.
Do 6-10 adominal thrusts, clean the mouth by 2 fingers and give 2
breaths.
Repeat the abdominal thrusts, if needed.
Hold the infant face down on your forearm which is resting on your
thigh.
Thump the back 5 times by the heel of the hand.
If not improved put him on your forearm and face upward, head is
lower than trunk, and apply 5 chest thrusts by 2 fingers (on the
middle of the chest bone).
If no response repeat back and chest thrusts as before
If no response call for medical help.
Note:
Adults and children above one year are given abdominal thrusts only.
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C.P.R.
C.P.R. is a life saving technique
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C.P.R. STEPS ARE CALLED ABC
1. AIRWAY STEP
2. BREATHING STEP
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CIRCULATORY STEP
- Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest
between the nipples.
- Apply the other hand over it.
- Push the chest down (1.5 – 2 inches) in an average of 2
compressions per second (100 times)
- Give 2 breaths after each 30 compressions.
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SHOCK
It is a state characterized by low blood pressure, rapid pulse, and
decrease blood supply to brain and other vital organs.
CAUSES
Fluid loss (as in severe vomiting, severe diarrhea, major burns,
sun strokes….) and severe bleeding.
FIRST AID
Call 999
Restore breathing
Try to stop bleeding
Assurance
Transfer the victim to the hospital with lower limbs elevated and
the victim is lying on his back (if there is no neck injury)
In case of suspected neck injury don’t move the victims during
transfer
Keep the victim warm.
Continue observation and give mouth breathing if needed and put
him on his side if he vomits.
If you are not sure of correct position keep victim on his back.
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SNCOPE (Fainting)
It is transcient loss of consciousness due to lack of blood
supply to the brain.
Unconscious Victim
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BURNS
DEGREES OF BURNS
1st degree – Skin only
2nd degree – Vesicles
3rd degree – Deep tissues
EYE BURNS
Heat Burns – Same as above
Chemical Burns – Eye wash for 15 minutes
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FRACTURES
TYPES
1. Closed – No Wounds
2. Open – With Wounds
FIRST AID
- Never try to put bone in place.
- Stop bleeding
- Prevent shock.
First aid
1. Clean wound with water and soap
2. Cover with guaze
3. Try to catch the animal or kill it.
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SNAKE BITE
GENERAL INFORMATION:
- The first several hours after the bite are most critical.
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FIRST AID MEASURES FOR SNAKE BITE:
Reassure and calm the victim.
Clean wound with water and soap, then dry it with sterilized gauze.
Observe pulse and breathing, if breathing stop, give mouth to mouth breathing.
If pulse stops apply CPR.
You may apply a bandage above level of the bite adequately tight to
permit passage of a finger underneath.
Make sure, you can feel the peripheral pulse below level of bandage.
If you are more than 20 minutes away from medical facility, apply a bandage as before, then
make small longitudinal incision
1 cm long and 2 mm deep and suck the venum with suction cup or with your mouth. (Avoid
suction by mouth if you have mouth sores or wound).
Transfer patient to the nearest hospital as fast as possible and on the way continue to
reassure observe and maintain airway and breathing.
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SUN STROKE AND HEAT EXHAUSTION
Signs of Heat Exhaustion
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Muscle Cramps
- Skin is cold, and sweating
First Aid
- Transfer the person to cold or shaded area
- Give him liquid composed of:(1 cup of water + ½ teaspoon of salt)
Repeat the salt solution 4 times once every 15 minutes.
- If the person didn’t improve transfer him to Medical Care.
Signs of Sun Stroke
- High Fever (May read 41 degree Centrigade)
- Skin is dry and no sweating
- Convulsions may occur.
First Aid:
- Cool the victim by placing him under tap water
- Continue cooling until temperature reach 39 then stop for 10 minutes.
- If temperature relapse continue cooling
- Don’t give any drinks
- Seek Medical help
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DROWNING
Remove the victim from water
Clean the mouth from sands and
other foreign bodies
Put him on the floor and raise his
body
Start C.P.R.
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ELECTRIC SHOCK
Avoid direct contact with the victim
Before touching the victim
– wear plastic gloves
– stand on dry wooden chair
– push the victim with a wooden ladder or chair or
wooden stick
Disconnect power if possible
Do C.P.R. if needed
Treat burns
Call for Medical Help
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