PROCESSES AND

LANDFORMS ALONG
PLATE BOUNDARIES
Sir Padilla
 ◦ Describe what a landform is.

◦ Enumerate and explain the different types of landforms.

LESSON ◦ Elaborate how the different agents of creating landforms

OBJECTIVES such as wind, water, glacial activities, and tectonic
movements help create the landforms we see today.

◦ Create a promotional video about the beautiful

landforms of the Philippines.
 GEOMORPHOLOGY
is the scientific study of landforms and the
processes that shape them. It focuses on
understanding landform history and dynamics
and predicting future changes through
observations, experiments and modeling.

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 TOPOGRAPHY
Topography, on the other hand, is the study of
the current terrain features region and the
graphic representation particular landform on a
map.

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 are defined as the natural physical
features on the surface of Earth.
They are formed by various forces
LANDFORMS of nature such as water, wind, ice,
and the tectonic plates of Earth.

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 Some landforms are created within a day
while others take a million of years to be
created. Nii – Jima was born after an
LANDFORMS
undersea volcanic eruption at the surface
about 600 miles south of Tokyo, Japan.

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LAND
FORMS

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AEOLIAN LANDFORMS
 are formed by the chemical and
mechanical action of the wind. The word
derived from the Greek God of the
winds, Aeolus. Areas where the wind is
the dominant energy are prone to exhibit
AEOLIAN
LANDFORMS different aeolian landforms like dunes,
loess, and mushroom rocks.

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 ◦ are mounds or small hills made up of sand.
They may be dome – shaped, crescent –
shape, star – shaped, linear – shaped or
DUNES parabolic. A dune can be 1 – 10 m high.
The most common type of dune found on
Earth is the Barchan, and it is formed in
the direction opposite that of the wind.

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DUNES

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 ◦ is a predominantly silt – sized sediment
formed by the accumulation of windblown
dust. It appears yellowish or brownish in
color and it exhibits “cat steps.” Its
LOESS
thickness ranges from few centimeters to
about 100 m. a loess is a product of glacial
activity in an area. It is commonly found in
Europe and Mississippi Valley, and Asia.

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LOESS

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 ◦ also called rock pedestal, is a naturally
occurring rock that resembles the shape of
a mushroom. They are formed by
MUSHROOM
earthquakes or glacial action. Good
ROCK
samples for this landform can be found at
the Mountain Rock State Park in Kansas,
USA.

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MUSHROOM
ROCK

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 ◦ Also called table mountains, mesas are
elevated areas of land with a flat top and
sides that are usually steep cliffs. They are
MESAS usually surrounded by a resistant rock
known as a cap rock. The Grand Mesa in
Western Colorado displays the basic
features of this landform.

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MESAS

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 ◦ This type is almost similar to mesas as
they have a flat – topped hill and steep
sides and are formed in arid to semi – arid
desert conditions. The difference is that
BUTTES
buttes cover a smaller amount of area
when compared to mesas. Their name
originated from a French word which
means “hillrock” or “small hill.”

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BUTTES

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 ◦ A canyon, sometimes called “gorge” is a
deep ravine between cliffs that is often
carved from landscape by a river, wind or
CANYONS
glacier. It may appear like a valley except
that is deep – seated, narrow, and
surrounded by steep sides.

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CANYONS

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MOUNTAINOUS
LANDFORMS
 Mountainous landforms are those
that rise higher than the rest of
their surroundings. They exhibit
MOUNTAINOUS slopes, summit areas, and local
LANDFORMS reliefs. Like real mountains, they
can be created be different
tectonic activities.

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 Mountainous landforms are those
that rise higher than the rest of their
surroundings. They exhibit slopes,
summit areas, and local reliefs.
MOUNTAINS Like real mountains, they can be
created be different tectonic
activities.

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MOUNTAINS

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 are landforms that are controlled by
geological processes that form
them and continually act on them
after their formation. A volcanic
VOLCANOES mountain can be identified from its
opening at the top called a vent.

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VOLCANOES

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 or dales are lowly-lying areas of land
situated between hills or mountains. They
are usually formed by the actions of
rivers and glaciers. These two forces also
determine the shape of a valley; V-
shaped when carved out by flowing water
and U-shaped when carved out by
VALLEYS
glaciers. As a broad geographic
landform, valleys can be further
classified as vales, dells, mountain coves,
hollows, coons, or hanging valleys.

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VALLEYS

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 GLACIAL
LANDFORMS
 ALPINE
GLACIERS

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CONTINENTAL
GLACIERS

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FLUVIAL AND COASTAL
LANDFORMS
 are those that underwent sedimentation,
erosion, or deposition on a river bed. If
the bodies of water associated with these
FLUVIAL
landforms interacted with glaciers or ice
LANDFORMS caps, they are called glaciofluvial or
fluvioglacial.

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 is typically a low-lying triangle
are located at the mouth of rivers
where it meets an ocean, a sea, or
DELTA an estuary. It contains rich soil
that has been washed away and
deposited by running water.

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DELTA

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 also called byland or biland, is a piece of
land that projects into a body of water and is
connected with the mainland by an isthmus.
It came from the Latin word paeninsula
PENINSULA (paene which means “almost” and insula
which means “island” as this landmass is
bordered by water on three sides.)

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PENINSULA

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 a bend in a sinuous water course
of a river. It is formed when
moving water in a stream erodes
MEANDER
the out banks then widens its
valley

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MEANDER

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 are high rocky coasts that plunge down to
the edge of the sea. They are the results of
erosional actions of water and wind. Due to
their location, sea cliffs are exposed to the
battering of waves, wind, and sea spray. Sea
SEA CLIFF
cliffs are primarily made of limestone and
sandstone, and these rocks are resistant to
weathering.

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SEA CLIFF

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 Plains are flat and broad land areas that have no
great changes in elevation when measured with
reference to the mean sea level. Plains such as
grasslands, prairies, and steppes are created
either by sedimentation of the eroded soil from
the hills and mountains, or by flowing lava
PLAINS deposited by the agents such as wind, water, and
ice. Plains may be found along a coast, in land,
or at the ocean floors.

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PLAINS

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 Plateaus, also known as table lands or flat-
topped mountains, are portions of land elevated
thousands of feet above their surroundings. They
are the results of geologic uplifts or the slow
movement of large parts of stable of earth’s
crust. Some are formed by volcanic eruptions.
PLATEAUS Lava from volcanoes spread out and creates lava
or basalt plateaus. Weathering of land areas also
produces this type of landforms.

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PLATEAUS

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END

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