Explosion

 M.J.Kumari, M.Sc(N).,M.Phil.,
 Vice-Principal,
 College of Nursing,
 JIPMER,
 Puducherry.

12/08/2021 1
Explosion
 An explosion is a rapid increase
in volume and release of energy
in an extreme manner, usually
with the generation of high
temperatures and the release of
gases.

12/08/2021 2
Causes
 Natural- Volcanic process
 Chemical- violent oxidation reaction
that produces large amounts of hot
gas.
 Nuclear- A nuclear weapon
 Electrical-A high current electrical
fault can create an electrical explosion
by forming a high energy electrical

12/08/2021 3
 Causes
 Vapor- boiling liquid expanding vapor
explosions
 Astronomical- asteroid impacts the
surface of another object, such as a
planet
 Mechanical-overheated boiler,
bursting of a sealed or partially-sealed
container under internal pressure is
often referred to as a 'mechanical
explosion'
12/08/2021 4
Fire and Explosion Hazard
Management (FEHM)
 Prevention Plans
 determine how the FEHM
 process is implemented.

12/08/2021 5
Preventive Barriers and Controls

 System & Equipment Design

 Layout and Spacing
 Equipment Inspection &
 Maintenance
 Operating Procedures

12/08/2021 6
Protective & Emergency Controls

 Gas and Fire Detection

 Emergency Controls
 Shutdowns
 Emergency Response
 Equipment and Procedures
 Fire Protection Systems

12/08/2021 7
Protective & Emergency Controls
 • Hazard / Risk Assessment
 • Assigned Responsibilities
 • Education & Training
 • Site-Specific Prevention

12/08/2021 8
Protective & Emergency Controls
 Planning
 • Inherently Safe Design
 • Process Safety Management
 • Safety Management Systems
 • Communication (Worksite &
 Industry)

12/08/2021 9
Fire and Explosion Prevention Plans

 These concise plans document the

protocols required for specific operations.
They show how the FEHM philosophy
and process will be applied to a specific
job and work site.
 FEHM Protocols_Dec 15,2005.doc5

12/08/2021 10
 Fire and Explosion Prevention Plans

 STAGE 1
 Assess Fire and
 Explosion Hazards for Planned
Operations

12/08/2021 11
Fire and Explosion Prevention Plans

 STAGE 2
 Identify Need for Site-
 Specific Fire &
 Explosion Prevention
 Plan

12/08/2021 12
Fire and Explosion Prevention Plans

 Preventive Controls
 Emergency Procedures
 Emergency Equipment
 Detection / Suppression
Systems
 Alarms and Controls

12/08/2021 13
Accidents
 International Atomic Energy Agency
Safety Standards.
 Sever Accident Management
Programme for Nuclear Power Plants

12/08/2021 14
 Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon
and natural sources of radiation are
features of the environment.
 Radiation and radioactive substances
have many beneficial applications,
ranging from power generation to uses in
medicine, industry and agriculture.
 Objective: to ensure the protection of
people and the environment, both now
and in future.

12/08/2021 15
 Specific safety requirement
 Govt. legal & regulatory frame work for safety
 Site evaluation for nuclear installations
 Safety of nuclear power plants.

-Design & construction, safety of research reactors,

safety of nuclear fuel cycle facilities.
Safety of radioactive waste disposal facilities.
Safety transport of radioactive material.

12/08/2021 16
 Objectives of accident management
 Preventing significant core
damage.
 Terminating the progress of core
damage once it has started.
 Minimizing releases of radioactive
material.
 Achieving a long term stable
state.
12/08/2021 17
Four main steps to set up an accident management
programme
 1. plant vulnerabilities should be
identified
 2. plant capabilities under challenges
to critical safety functions.
 3.suitable accident management
 4. procedures & guidelines to execute
the strategies should be developed.

12/08/2021 18
Education & Training
 Training should be
developed by professional
trainers.
 Refresher training should
take place at regular
intervals.
12/08/2021 19