Elements of

Technology
-GRINDING MACHINES (Grinder)
What is Grinding Machine ?
• The grinding machine is a type of tool that is utilized for
grinding work pieces. It basically use an abrasive wheel as the
cutting tool.
• The rough surface of the abrasive wheel shreds off small
portions of the work piece as required. It is also known as a
grinder.
 Uses
• A grinder is generally used to precisely shape and
finish the given materials with low surface
roughness and high surface quality.
• It is primarily a finishing operation that removes
relatively small quantities of metal, to deliver highly
accurate products.
• However, certain grinding applications also involve
swiftly eliminating high volumes of metal.
Principle of Grinding Machine
• Work piece is fed against the rotating abrasive wheel.
• Due to action of rubbing or friction between the abrasive
particles and work piece material is removed.
Working principle
Types of Grinding Machine
Grinders are used in engineering, electrical,
automobile and many other industries. The various
types of these tools are as follows:

• A bench grinder- It is manually operated and normally

has two wheels of different grain sizes that are fixed on a
floor stand or work bench; to perform roughing and
finishing operations. 
•  It is mainly used to shape tool bits; and repair or make
various tools.
• A gear grinder- It is used to remove the last few inches of
material while manufacturing high precision gears.
• A belt grinder- It includes a machining process to grind
metals and other materials, with the help of coated
abrasives. 
• Belt grinding is a versatile process that involves several
kinds of applications such as stock removal and finishing.

• A jig grinder- It is used for finishing jigs, dies, and

fixtures.
• It grinds holes and can be used for complicated surface
grinding and finishing work.
• There are two types of cylindrical grinders, one that
has a centre and the other is centre less.
• A cylindrical grinding machine may have multiple
grinding wheels.
• Here the work piece is rotated and fed through the
wheels to form a cylinder.
• It is widely utilized to manufacture accurate objects
like tubes, rods, bushings, bearings, and other parts.
• An efficient surface grinder may be manually operated or
CNC controlled.
• It has a head that is lowered, while the work piece moves
back and forth; past the wheel on a table.
• Tool and cutter grinder, and the D-bit grinder perform
the functions of a drill bit grinder, or other special tool
room operations.
Elements of Grinding Machine
• Abrasive – It is that material of grinding wheel which does the
cutting action .
A. Natural Abrasive – common natural abrasive is sand , stone
and diamond .
B. Artificial Abrasive –common artificial abrasive are silicon
carbide(Sic), Aluminium oxide .
• Bond – It is a substance that acts as a binder to hold the
abrasive grains together .
Bond maybe used with either silicon carbide or aluminium
oxide.
Selection of Grinding Machine
• Properties of material to be machined i.e. hardness ,
toughness , strength .
• Dimensional accuracy
• Method of grinding i.e. wet or dry
• Speed and feed of wheel
• Rigidity , size and type of machine .
THANK YOU