No.

7 1

DETERMINERS &
QUANTIFIERS
11th , Jan 2021
By TaiDuc <3
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QUANTIFIERS ?!
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 DETERMINERS

Determiners are words such as articles (a/an, the), demonstratives (this, that,

these, those) and possessives (my, your, her, his, its, our, their) which we can use

with a noun to help identify who or what the noun refers to (that man with the

beard is my uncle).
 QUANTIFIERS

Quantifiers are words and phrases which we use when we talk about quantities

that are countable (a few, many, twenty) or uncountable (a little, much). We can

use quantifiers before nouns (I ate a few biscuits and drank some milk), instead

of nouns (Did you want any? There wasn't much left.) and with of-phrases (I

left most of the biscuits for you. I couldn't eat all of them.).
1. DETERMINERS
1.1 ARTICLES

1.2 DEMONSTRATIVES

1.3 POSSESSIVES
 1. Articles
-The articles (a/an, the) are the
most common determiners.
Ex: I'm sure I read an essay or a
story by Theroux, but I can't
remember the title.
 2. Demonstratives
- The demonstratives (or demonstrative determiners) have different forms
before singular nouns (this, that) and plural nouns (these, those).
Ex: I love this chair • That car was speeding • These people were
here first.

- We can use the same words as pronouns: Here are the files. Those
are older. These are new.
2. Demonstratives
We use this/these when we are talking about things close to the speaker or closely
connected to here and now. We use that/those for things we are treating as further
away from here and now. We make this distinction when we talk about times and
events (3), places (4) and people (5).

3. I'm free this afternoon • I'm busy these days • That party was great! • I hated those meetings.
4. This classroom is better than that awful place we had before with those tiny windows.
5. Look at these people in this photo - they're crazy. • Do you remember that weird teacher we had?
2. Demonstratives
We can also use demonstratives to make a contrast between what has already happened (that/those) (6) and what
is going to happen (this/these) (7).

6. We discussed the economy last week. In that class, we were concerned with money.
7. In this class, we will shift our focus to politics and the use of power.

We can use that/those to add an element of “distance” when we express negative feelings.
8. Those idiots in Parliament do nothing but talk. • I never liked that old grey carpet.
 3. Possessives
 
The possessives (or possessive determiners) are my, your, his her, its, our and their. We use
possessive determiners before nouns (my seat), unlike possessive pronouns such as mine,
which are used instead of nouns and noun phrases.
 
Ex:Are these our seats? I think 12A is your seat and 12B is my seat. (NOT mine seat)

Note that the possessive determiner “its” is different from “it’s” ( = it is or it has).
 3. Possessives
We use possessive determiners to express a personal connection to things we own (10), a
part of a thing or a person (11), a feeling or thought (12), a family member or friend
(13) or an event (14).
 
10 I don't know where I left my bag. Can I borrow your dictionary for a minute?
11 The guard put his hand on my shoulder. The guard dog just stood there, wagging its tail
12 Tasha tried not to show her disappointment. She just thanked the teacher for his advice.
13 My wife has invited her parents and a couple of their friends to our son's birthday party
14 When is your birthday? • In our last conversation, he told me about his holiday in Spain.
 3. Possessives
- We usually use the rather than a possessive in a prepositional phrase when
we're talking about part the body of someone already identified. The
part is treated as a place, not as a possession.
Ex: One man was shot in the leg. Robin leaned forward and kissed me on
the cheek.

Note that we say He kissed my cheek. (NOT He kissed the cheek.)

2. QUANTIFIERS
2.1 Quantifiers and nouns
 
Quantifiers are words such as both, most, several and two and phrases such as a
little and a lot which we use when we are talking about numbers (How many?) or
amounts (How much?). We can use quantifiers before nouns, like determiners (1),
or instead of nouns, like pronouns (2).
 
1 There were two pies left. Can I have a little sugar, please? • We've had several
complaints.
2 ‘Let's get both’, she said. I don't need a lot. Most were about the loud music.
 2.1 Quantifiers and nouns
We use some quantifiers (a few, many) only with plural nouns (3), some (each, every) only with singular countable
nouns (4) and some (a little, much) only with uncountable nouns (5).

3 There are many occasions when seat belts save lives, yet a few drivers still won't wear them.
4 Each person has to take a card. Every card has a different number. (NOT Every-cards...)
5 I think the soup needs a little salt. I hope there isn't too much traffic. (NOT too much cars)

We can use the quantifiers all, every and no with numbers before nouns.
 
6 All eleven players were tired • We get a bill every three months • No two people are the same.
 
 
 
 Quantifiers with of-phrases

We can use quantifiers with of before determiners (7) and pronouns (8).
7 Two of the students were late. Take any of these chairs. Some of my friends got ill.
  8 Two of them were absent. You can't take any of those. Some of us felt really tired.
In these structures, there must be a determiner before the noun and of before a pronoun.

(NOT Two of students, Take any these chairs, Some my friends, Two them; Some us)
We can also use quantifiers plus of before proper nouns as place names.
9 Most of Europe will have sunny weather tomorrow.
(NOT Most Europe; Most of the Europe)
 
We usually put of between a quantifier and a determiner, but we can omit of after all both, half.
10 All of these books are old • Both of his sons play rugby • I spent half of the morning in bed.
All these books are old • Both his sons play rugby • I spent half the morning in bed.

We can use every one (not every) and none before of-phrases (11) or as pronouns (12).
11 Every one of my friends had a mobile phone, but none of them called me.
12 Is there no sugar? - There's none. • Did you check every container? - I checked every one.
SOME AND ANY
We use some and any with plural and uncountable nouns or as pronouns to talk about an indefinite
number or amount. We can also use some and any with of phrases when we are talking about
something specific.
1 Some students don't get any homework. I wish I had some money. Do you have any matches?
2 I love seashells. I was hoping to find some on the beach, but I didn't see any.
3 Some of the new teachers have already arrived. Have you met any of them yet?
 
We use some in positive sentences and in questions or offers expecting positive answers
4 Did you get some new furniture? • Can I borrow some paper? Would you like some tea?
5 Some trees stay green all year. • We have some friends in Rome. Let's get some blueberries.
We use any in sentences with a negative element. We also use any in questions when no specific answer is
expected, in if-clauses and when we mean “it doesn't matter which one”
 
6 Do Mr and Mrs Young have any children? Is there any food left? · Are there any questions?
7 Ani can't eat any milk products. We never have any free time. • He denied any wrongdoing.
8 Any piece of paper will do. • Any doctor knows that. • Call any time after eight.
9 If there are any problems, give me a call. • I asked her if she had any money.
 
We can use some when we want to talk in a vague way about a large amount or number, an approximate
number or percentage or a person, place, or thing whose identity is unknown

10 It will take some time to recover. They have known about the problem for some years now.
11 He now lives in some village in Wales. • There was some woman here asking about you.
12 That was some twenty years ago. Some fifty percent of working women don't want children.
No and none
We can use no and none to emphasize 'not any'. We use no rather than no any before subject nouns
13 There aren't any farms left in that area. • There are no farms left. • There are none left.
14 No explanation was given. • No dogs are allowed. (NOT Not any dogs are allowed.)

We use no before singular and plural nouns. We use none as a pronoun and with of-phrases
15 I had six phone messages, but none from Mr Blake. None of them seemed very urgent.
16 When my parents were young, they had no television and no video games so they read books.
ALL AND BOTH
We use all before plural nouns and uncountable nouns to make very general statements (1) and all (of) before determiners
plus nouns to make more specific statements (2).
1 All cars have brakes. • All students must wear uniforms. • All information is confidential.
2 All (of) these cars are for sale. •All (of) the information you asked for is on our web site.
 
We use all of (not all) before pronouns (3). We use everyone/everything rather than all by itself (4).
3 Did you write down their phone numbers? ~ No, not all of them. (NOT all them)
4 Everyone laughed at his jokes. • Everything was a mess, (NOT All was a tress.)
 
We use both instead of all or both of instead of all of when we talk about two things or people.
5 Use both hands to hold it. • Both (of) my brothers are older than me. • Both of them live in
London.
 
We can use all and both for emphasis after subjects and pronoun objects (6) or after auxiliary verbs and be (7).
6 The men all agreed to wait. • Tim explained it all. • We both need a holiday. • I like them both.
7 We had all heard about the two Williams sisters. They were both very talented.
Half and whole
We use half before determiners (8) or between determiners and nouns (9) to talk about measured amounts.
We sometimes use half (of) when we are talking about approximately half (10).
 
8 A pint is more than half a litre. • We'll be there in half an hour. (NOT half of an hour)
9 Get a half litre if you can. • A half hour should be long enough. (NOT a half of hour)
10 I've only answered half (of) the questions. • I lost half (of) my money. • Take half (of) this pie.
 
We use half of before pronouns: I can't eat half of it. (NOT I can't eat half it.)
We use whole between a determiner and a singular noun (11) and the whole of before determiners, pronouns
and proper nouns for places (12) to emphasize a full or complete amount.
11 The whole area had changed. • I can't eat a whole pie! • The woman told us her whole life story.
12 1 spent the whole of this past weekend in bed. • The strike is affecting the whole of France.
Each and every
We use each and every before singular countable nouns. We use each when we're talking about two or more
people or things separately (1). We use every when we're talking about three or more people or things together
(2).
1 Each day is better than the last. • He came in with a cup in each hand. (NOT ... in every hand.)
2 Every window was broken. • The Browns go to Benidorm every year. (NOT ... every years.)
 
We use each of (not every of ) before determiners with plural nouns (3) and plural pronouns (4). We can put
each (not every) in different positions (5).
3 Each of her toenails was a different colour. (NOT Each her toenails ...)
4 Each of you must work alone. • Give a pen to each of them. (NOT ... every (of) them.)
5 We each got one piece. • We were each given one piece. • We were given one piece each.

We use every (not each) when we want to emphasize 'as many/much as possible' (6), when we talk about
something happening at regular intervals (7) and after almost and nearly (8).
6 He had every opportunity to complete the work. • We wish you every success in your new job.
7 There's a bus every ten minutes. • Take two tablets every four hours. (NOT ... each four hours.)
8 His team lost almost every game. • We run nearly every day. ( NOT We run nearly each day)
Either and neither
 
We use either before singular nouns (9) and either of before determiners plus plural nouns or pronouns (10) to
talk about 'one or the other' of two people or things.

9 Either parent can sign the form. • Left or right? ~ You can go either way. (NOT ... either ways.)
10 Either of the parents can sign. • Coke or Pepsi? ~ I'd be happy with either of them, thanks.
 

We use neither/neither of instead of either/either of when we mean 'not one and not the other' of two people or
things. We use singular verbs after subjects beginning with neither of in formal situations (11). Plural verbs are
sometimes used in informal situations (12).

11 Neither parent has signed it. . Neither of the boxes was big enough. . Neither of us likes coffee.
12 I'm sorry, but neither of my kids are up yet. ~ So, do neither of them want to go with us?
MANY, MUCH AND A LOT (OF)
When we talk about large numbers and amounts in a vague way, we can use many before plural nouns (1),
much before uncountable nouns (2) and a lot of before both types of nouns (3)
1 Many people believe in life after death. • There are many ways to improve your health
2 How much money did you bring? • Please hurry, because there isn't much time left.
3 I used to smoke a lot of cigarettes when I studied, I drank a lot of coffee too. (NOT a lot-coffee)
We usually use many/much in formal situations and a lot of or lots of in informal situations.

When we talk about a large number or amount in a specific way, we use many of before determine plus plural
nouns or plural pronouns (4) and much of before determines plus uncountable nouns or singular pronouns (5).
We can use much of (not many of) with singular countable nouns or proper nouns for places when we mean “a
large part of” (6).
4 Many of their customers have complained. Many of them have started going to other shops.
5 How much of your time is devoted to research? - Not much of it, I'm afraid.
5 Cats spend much of the day asleep • It will be a dry sunny day over much of Britain.
 
We can use many and much without nouns.
7 People still use butter in cooking, but many say they don't use as much as before.
We can also use a lot (not a for of ) without a noun in informal situations: We don't need a lot.
 
We usually use many and much in questions and negatives (8). We can use them in positive
statements after as, so and too (9). We can also use the phrases a good/great deal (of) instead of
much (of), and a large number (of) instead of many (of), in positive statements, usually in formal situations (10).
8 How many do you want? • How much do they cost? • There aren't many left. • I don't have much cash.
9 Take as much time as you need. • I have so much work to do! • You bought too many things.
10 It requires a great deal of money and a large number of dedicated people to run a school.
 
We can use many (not much) after determiners (11) or before a/an (12) in formal situations.
11 I'm just one of her many admirers. • He explained the many rules and regulations they had.
12 He had spent many an uncomfortable night in cheap hotel rooms with thin walls.
 
We can use much (not many) as an adverb after negative verbs or before comparatives.
13 I didn't sleep much last night because I was so worried. • I'm feeling better now.
We can use a lot as an adverb after positive and negative verbs: The area had changed a lot.
More and most
We use more and most instead of much/many in comparisons. We use more for a larger number or amount (14)
and most for 'the largest number or amount' (15).
14 More children are being educated at home. They are spending more time with their parents.
15 Most American teenagers say they have most fun when they are shopping “at the mall”.
We also use more and most before adjectives/adverbs: more quickly, the most expensive
 
We can use more of and most of before determiners (16), pronouns (17) and proper nouns (18).
16 I've already eaten more of the cake than I should. • Most of those bananas were rotten.
17 I really liked it, but I can't eat any more of it. • I had to throw most of them away.
18 I hope to see more of Spain during my next trip. • Most of Venice is under water.
 
We can use other quantifiers before more (not most) with the meaning “additional”.
19 I don't need much more time, just two more hours. • Is there any more tea • There's no more.
A FEW AND A LITTLE
When we talk about small numbers and amounts in a vague way, we can use a few before plural nouns (1) and
a little before uncountable nouns (2). We can also use a few and a little without nouns (3).
1 There may be a few minutes left at the end. • I brought a few pieces of paper.
2 There may be a little time left at the end. • If you add a little salt, the soup will taste better.
3 Do you want milk? ~ Just a little. • Did you see any stars? ~ There were a few.
(NOT There was a few.)

When we talk about a small number or amount in a specific way, we use a few of before determiners or plural
pronouns (4) and a little of before determiners or singular pronouns (5).
4 I've seen a few of those cartoons that Gary Larson draws. Mary has a few of them on her wall.
5 I use a little of this moisturizing cream when my skin feels dry. You only need a little of it.

We can use a little as an adverb after verbs or before participle adjectives and comparatives.
6 I only slept a little. • We were a little annoyed at first. • My mother is feeling a little better now.
 
FEW AND LITTLE

We use few (not a few) and little ( not a little) when we are talking about 'not many or much'
usually in formal situations (7). We often use not (very) many (instead of few) and not (very)
much (instead of little) to emphasize a negative view of the quantity (8).
7 The refugees have few possessions and little hope of returning home soon. (NOT a little hope)
8 They don't have (very) many possessions. They don't have (very) much hope.
 

We also use few and little between determiners and nouns when we want to emphasize that the
small quantity is the complete number or amount, usually in formal situations.
9 I quickly packed my few belongings and spent the little money I had on a one-way ticket home.
 
FEWER/FEWEST AND LESS/LEAST
We use fewer and less instead of few/little in comparisons. We use fewer (for 'a smaller number of’) before plural
nouns and less (for 'a smaller amount of') before uncountable nouns.
10 I've been trying to eat fewer snacks and less junk food as part of my diet.
In informal situations, less is also used with plural nouns: There were less questions than last time.
 
We can use fewer of and less of before determiners (11) and pronouns (12).
11 There are fewer of those small shops now. • I'd like to spend less of my time in meetings.
12 The swans are back, but there are fewer of them this year. • Sugar isn't good for you. Eat less of it!
 
We use the fewest (13) and the least (14) when we talk about the smallest number or amount.
13 Ali made the fewest mistakes. Nick is the most cheerful and seems to have the fewest worries.
14 You complain that you make the least money here, but that's because you do the least work.
We also use least and less before adjectives/adverbs: less quickly, the least expensive.
FRACTIONS AND PERCENTAGES
We can use fractions (a quarter, two-thirds) with of before determiners and pronouns.
4 It takes a quarter of an hour. • I only used two-thirds of the oil, so there's a third of it left.
We can use half without of before determiners: Half (of) my answers were wrong.
 
We use percentages (5%, five per cent) before nouns, or with of before determiners and pronouns.
5 There was a 10% increase. • They take thirty per cent of my pay. I get seventy per cent of it.
Percent is sometimes written as one word, especially in American English.
 
Fractions and percentages with singular or uncountable nouns have singular verbs. With plural nouns, they
have plural verbs.
6 Two-thirds of the report is written . • About twenty per cent of the students are Asian.
 The end
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