12 ABM

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,
SOCIETY AND POLITICS

HUMAN
VARIATION
LESSON 1
Human Cultural Variation

Refers to the differences in social

behaviors that different cultures
exhibit around the world.
 Human Variation

Is just a fact that there are

variety of human or
differences in or among the
humans.
 Cultural Variation
The variation in human
conditions promotes diversity
and plurality. In cultural
tradition. This could lead to
discrimination.
CULTURE
ALL THE WAYS OF LIFE PASSED
DOWN FROM GENERATION TO
GENERATION

“ THE WAY OF LIFE FOR AN

ENTIRE SOCIETY”
 What are the factors which contributes to Human variation?

Are the of the primary factors

that shape the behavior of human
groups.

—ENVIRONMENT AND HISTORY

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF CULTURE?

Non material
Material Culture
01 02 culture
Comprises of Comprises of
physical objects abstract of abstract
that people human creations
create and use.
 Religion
Came from the Latin word “religare” which
means to bind together, it is a system of beliefs
and practices as well as system of actions
directed toward entities which are above men.
 MONOTHEISTIC POLYTHEISTIC

BELIEF IN THE EXISTENCE BELIEF IN THE EXISTENCE

OF ONE GOD OF MULTIPLE GODS
NATIONALITY

Is the identify that is tied to being

part of nation or country.

A “group of people who share the

same history, traditions and
language” and who inhabits in a
particular territory delineated by a
political border and controlled by
the government.
ETHNICITY

Is the expression of the set of

cultural ideas held distinct
ethnics or indigenous
groups.
ETHNIC GROUPS
These are the smaller cultural
groups within the nation that
share specific environments,
traditions and histories that
are not necessarily
subscribed by the
mainstream culture
 ETHNIC GROUPS

T’boli Ibaloy

Manobo Eata

Kankanaey
 T’ boli
An ethnic group in the island of Mindanao who are
famous for several things like casting in brass of
human and animal figures. Likewise, they are also
great in doing elaborate traditional dresses which
are made from tie dyed woven abaca cloth.
 Ibaloy
An ethnic group in the southeastern part of
Benguet in the Cordillera Administrative
Region. The Ibaloy are famous for several
things like buliding of rice terraces, animal
husbandary and mummification.
 Manobo
An ethnic group in the island of Mindanao who
are famous for several things like weaving
textiles and embroidery. They also became
well known for their breaded necklaces.
 Aeta
An ethnic group in Bataan Province in Central
Luzon who are also called as Negritos because
of their kinky hair and dark colored skin. Aetas
traditional wears bahag (loincloth) and are
famous for their excellent farming prowess.
 Kankanaey
An ethnic group in Western Mountain Province
who are also known as Sagada Igorots are
famous for their cloth and basket weaving,
jewelry making, pottery, wood carving and
tattoos
 Race
Refers to a person’s physical
characteristics such as bone
structure, skin, hair, or eye
color.
Socio Economic Social Political Identity
class Differences

The differences among the Political identity as a

It refers to the individuals based on social social category refers
category of persons characteristics and qualities. to the set of attitudes
who have more or less and practices that an
the same socio individual adheres to
economic privileges in relation to the
political system and
actors within his or
her society
 HOW IS GENDER DIFFERENT FROM SEX?

gender sex
Thus, sex
makes a
person male
or female,
Refers to the socially Is the biological while gender
contructed roles, characteristics of makes a
behaviors, activities human such as male person
and attributes that a or female masculine and
given society feminine
considers appropriate
for men and women
 Sexual Orientation Gender Identity

Describes a person
It is your own or
enduring physical,
internal personal
emotional, or
sense of being a man
romantic attraction to
or woman
another person
 TYPES OF GENDER

HETEROSEXUA
L ASEXUAL TRANSGENDER

POLYSEXUAL
HOMOSEXUAL
/ QUEER

BISEXUAL PANSEXUAL TRANSEXUAL

 Heterosexual
= hetero means
“different”

A person with this gender is

inclined to be sexually attracted
to a person of the opposite sex
 Homosexual
= homo means “the
same”
A person that is sexually to the
same sex

Lesbian a woman who is

sexually attracted to other
woman.
Gay a man who is sexually
attracted to other man.
 Bisexual

A person that is sexually,

romantically and
emotionally attracted to two
sexes
 Asexual

Totally incapable of being

attracted to any sex
 Polysexual / Queer
= poly means “many”

A person that is attracted to

multiple types of gender.
 Pansexual
= pan means “all”

Accommodates all types of

gender
TYPES OF GENDER
There are people whose gender identities do
not match on their biological identity as male
or female. These people classify themselves as
transgender. Their sexual orientation is not
related to their genitalia, which allow them to
identify with other type of gender.

Under this category are people who allow

themselves as transsexual. This individuals
believe that the discord between their internal
gender and the gender role that they have to
perform can be addressed through medical
sexual reassignment
 Global South Global North
Developing countries that Developed countries and
perceive proverty industrialized nations

Exceptionality Non Exceptionality

People with non average People with disability and

capacity those physically challenge
individual`
Ethnocentrism Cultural
Relativism
▨ Is perspective that promotes an ▨ Promotes the perspective that
individuals culture as the most culture must be understood in the
efficient and superior context of their locality