Clostridium botulinum

Botulism syndrome
LECTURER: TRẦN THỊ TUYẾT NHUNG

Welcome!
GROUP 5 – TOPIC 6
NGUYỄN TIẾN VĨNH – 619H0081
TRƯƠNG HUỲNH KIM NGÂN – 619H0127
TRẦN ĐỖ BẢO NHI – 619H0049 1

10/14/2021
 CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

I. Overview of clostridium botulinum

II. Botulism and treatment

III. Application of clostridium

botulinum
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Clostridium botulinum ???
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I. OVERVIEW OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

1. History

2. Classification

3. Characteristics

4. Structure

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 1. HISTORY

1895
isolated
from a piece of ham that
had poisoned 34 people

EMILE VAN ERMENGEM clostridium botulinum

(1851-1932) causes botulism
BELGIAN BACTERIOLOGIST
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I. Overview of clostridium botulinum

 2. CLASSIFICATION

• Branch: Firmicutes
• Class: Clostridia
• Order: Clostridiales
• Family: Clostridiaceae
• Genus: Clostridium
• Species: botulinum includes 7
categories based on toxins (A-G)
clostridium botulinum

I. Overview of clostridium botulinum

 3. CHARACTERISTICS

• Botulin toxin production causes muscle

paralysis
• The favorable growing temperature is
26-28 °C
• Generates hydrogen sulphide
• Exists in the soil
• Cannot grow at PH 4.5
• anaerobic bacteria
• Gram (+)
• Rod
• Spore
• Descendible
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I. Overview of clostridium botulinum

 4. STRUCTURE

• Size: 0.3 – 0.7 µm, rod, non flagellum

• Clostridium botulinum is gram positive
4.1 Cell structure bacteria
• spores are larger than the cell width

• Toxins are synthesized from polypeptide

chains of nearly 150,000 daltons.
4.2 Moleculer structure
• Trypsine: 10000dals –S—ZN– 50000 dals

I. Overview of clostridium botulinum

 II. BOTULISM SYNDROME

1. Symthomps

2. Methods of diagnosis and treatment

3. Control methods

4. Botulin toxin characteristics

5.Botulin toxicity mechanism

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 1. SYMPTOMS

• DAMAGE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

• MUSCLE PARALYSIS
• PARALYSIS OF THE PALATE MUSCLE
• THE PHARYNX
Botulism in poultry
• CAUSING FACIAL DEFORMITY
• THE MOST DANGEROUS IS PARALYSIS OF THE RESPIRATORY
CENTER, LEADING TO DEATH.

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II. Botulism syndrome

• Babies born with Botulism will develop mechanisms of growth,
slowdown, creativity, weak crying and no development.
• Botulism has many types A, B, C, D, E but A, B, E give the strongest
toxin.

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II. Botulism syndrome

 2. METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Based on clinical results : systemic

paralysis with diminishing
paralysis,bilateral eyelid drooping without
gagging and respiratory distress, occurring
12-36 hours after eating contaminated
food.

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II. Botulism syndrome

• CONVENTIONAL MRI AND LOOKING FOR CFS (CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME)
• HIGH RNS ( REPETITIVE NERVE STIMULATION)

MRI II. Botulism syndrome RNS 13

IF DIAGNOSED EARLY, FOODBORNE AND WOUND BOTULISM CAN BE
TREATED WITH AN ANTITOXIN THAT BLOCKS THE ACTION OF
NEUROTOXIN CIRCULATING IN THE BLOOD

Antitoxin Heptavalent
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II. Botulism syndrome

 PHYSICIANS MAY REMOVE CONTAMINATED FOOD IS STILL
IN THE GUT BY INDUCING VOMITING OR BY USING ENEMAS.

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II. Botulism syndrome

Wounds usually surgically, to remove the source of the toxin-producing bacteria

are not used in foodborne botulism but are used in wound botulism
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II. Botulism syndrome

3. CONTROL METHODS

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II. Botulism syndrome

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II. Botulism syndrome

CHOOSE PRODUCTS FROM A SAFE AND
CLEAR ORIGIN

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II. Botulism syndrome

• EAT COOKED FOOD , DRINK BOILED WATER

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II. Botulism syndrome

KEEP THE WOUND CLEAN

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II. Botulism syndrome

CHECK THE EXPIRY DATE OF PACKAGED, FERMENTED
FOODS

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II. Botulism syndrome

 MAINTAINING PH AT 4.6 PROVIDES THE FACTOR OF
SAFETY IN THE PRODUCT BECAUSE ACIDIFICATION IS
BASED ON INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF C.BOTULINUM

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II. Botulism syndrome

 4. BOTULIN TOXIN CHARACTERISTICS

- Clostridium botulinum has 8 types of

toxins, namely A, B, C1, C2, E, F and
G.
- Distinguishing them from each other
by antigen properties in which 3 toxic
types are A, B, E

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II. Botulism syndrome

 BOTULINUM IS CONSIDERED
THE "KING OF ALL POISONS",
10,000 TIMES MORE POWERFUL
THAN THE ARSENIC THAT CAN
KILL MASSIVELY, OR THE
MURDEROUS POTASSIUM
CYANIDE IN SMALL AMOUNTS.

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II. Botulism syndrome

Botulinum can be fatal to a person
with a dose of 0.004 μg / kg body
weight. One kilogram of botulinum
is enough to kill a billion people so
it was used as biological weapon.

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II. Botulism syndrome

not degraded in the acidic
environment of the stomach and
digestive enzymes

The favorable pH environment is 4.6 -

9.0 , low temperatures

loses its activity in high temperatures

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II. Botulism syndrome

 4. BOTULIN TOXICITY MECHANISM

-Powerful neurotoxin
-Inhibits the release of
the transmitter
acetylcholine, which
paralyzes the muscles

Botulinum
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II. Botulism syndrome

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II. Botulism syndrome

III. APPLICATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

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 1. MEDICAL APPLICATION
Muscle spasms

Eyelid twitching
Salivation

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Urinary obstruction
 2. BEAUTY APPLICATION

Botulinum toxin type A

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 3. BOTULISM FOOD POISONING

Out of date Homemade food

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4. VIETNAM AND THE WORLD

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