Section 7.

1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
Steven S. Zumdahl

Susan A. Zumdahl

Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter 7

Chemical Reactions: An Introduction

Gretchen M. Adams • University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

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Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

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Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

Figure 7-1a p230

Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

Figure 7-1b p230

Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

Objective
1. To learn the signals that show a chemical reaction has
occurred
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

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Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

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Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

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Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

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Section 7.2
Chemical Equations

Objectives
1. To learn to identify the characteristics of a chemical
reaction
2. To learn the information given by a chemical equation
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations

• In a chemical reaction, atoms are not created or destroyed.

• All atoms present in the reactants must be accounted for
in the products.
 Same number of each type of atom on both sides of
arrow
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations

• Chemical reactions involve a rearrangement of the ways

atoms are grouped together.
• A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction.
 Reactants are shown to the left of an arrow.
 Products are shown to the right of the arrow.
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations

Balancing a Chemical Equation

• Unbalanced equation
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations

Figure 7-2 p233

Section 7.2
Chemical Equations

Balancing a Chemical Equation

• Balancing the equation

• The balanced equation

CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations

• Physical states of compounds are often given in a

chemical equation.
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Objective
1. To learn to write a balanced equation for a chemical
reaction
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

• A chemical reaction is balanced by using a systematic

approach:
 Write the formulas of the reactants and products to
give the unbalanced chemical equation.
 Balance by trial and error starting with the most
complicated molecule(s).
 At the end check to be sure the equation is balanced
(same numbers of all types of atoms on the reactant
and product sides).
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Example 
Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine to form liquid water.
 Write the formulas of the reactants and products to
give the unbalanced chemical equation.
H2(g) + O2(g)  H2O(l)
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Example 
Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine to form liquid water.
 Balance by trial and error starting with the most
complicated molecule(s).
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Example 
Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine to form liquid water.
 At the end check to be sure the equation is balanced
(same numbers of all types of atoms on the reactant
and product sides).
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l)
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Exercise

Which of the following correctly balances the

chemical equation given below? There may be more
than one correct balanced equation. If a balanced
equation is incorrect, explain what is incorrect about
it.
CaO + C  CaC2 + CO2
I. CaO2 + 3C  CaC2 + CO2
II. 2CaO + 5C  2CaC2 + CO2
III. CaO + (2.5)C  CaC2 + (0.5)CO2
IV. 4CaO + 10C  4CaC2 + 2CO2
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Concept Check

Which of the following are true concerning balanced

chemical equations? There may be more than one true
statement.
I. The number of molecules is conserved.
II. The coefficients tell you how much of each
substance you have.
III. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
IV. The coefficients indicate the mass ratios of the
substances used.
V.The sum of the coefficients on the reactant side
equals the sum of the coefficients on the product
side.
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Figure 7-3a p234

Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Figure 7-3b p234

Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

Figure 7-3c p234

Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations

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