Tata Bahasa Inggris dan Penulisan Ilmiah

Lecture Note 6: Complex Sentences

Lecturer: Drs. Rumbardi, MSc

Faculty of Economics – Andalas University

Semester 1: 2021 - 2022
 Complex Sentences
THE STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE

• A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one (or

more) dependent clause. In a complex sentence, one idea is
generally more important than the other. The more important idea
is placed in the independent clause, and the less important idea is
placed in the dependent clause.

• The dependent clause can be:

– Noun Clause
– Adjective Clause
– Adverb Clause
 Complex Sentences with Noun Clause

Using Question words: what, when, how, why,

where:
Examples:
• I don’t know what he discovered.
• I’m not sure when he discovered it.
• It is not known when he discovered it.
• I’m not certain how he discovered it.
 Complex Sentences with Noun Clause

Using Whether or If:

Examples:
• He wonders whether it will work
• I don’t know if they believe him

Using That:
Examples:
• We know that the world is round
• That the world is round is a fact.
 Complex Sentences with Adjective Clause

Using Who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when:

Examples:
• The people who lived in the valley used smoke signals.
• The woman whom we met was called Bu Tani.
• He sent message whose meaning we had agreed upon in
advance.
• That is the village which interests me.
• Economy is a field that I will study.
• That is the valley where the people farm.
• This is the day when we get the salary.
 Complex Sentences with Adverb Clause

Showing Time : after, as, before, since, until, while, whenever:

Examples:
• Meteors glow as they burn up in the atmosphere.
• It was difficult to observe star before telescope was
invented.
 
Showing Manner : as if, as though, like:
• Examples:
• Ancient people used stars as if they were calendars.
• The Milky Way looks as though it is a faint of light.
 Complex Sentences with Adverb Clause

Showing Cause and Effect : because, since, so that, as long as:

Examples:
• Spacesuits were designed for astronauts so that they could breathe in
space.
• Since some planets are too far away to send people, computer-
operated space probes are sent.

Showing Opposition : although, though, even though, while, whereas:

Examples:
• Most stars are white while some are colored.
• Although helium is rare on Earth, it is common in the universe.
 Complex Sentences with Adverb Clause

Showing Condition : if, in case that, even if, provided that, unless:
Examples:
• You will see hundreds of stars if you look at the sky.
• You can study distance stars provided that you have a radio
telescope.

Showing Purpose : so that, in order that, in order to:

Examples:
• Astronomers improved telescope so that they would discover more
about stars.
• Astronomers develop bigger and bigger telescope in order to see the
stars more clearly.
 Complex Sentences with Adverb Clause

Showing Place : where, wherever, everywhere:

Examples:
• There were stars wherever you looked.
• A crater was formed where the meteor hit the
earth.
 Task (Tugas): Writing Comlex Sentences.

Please write at least 60 free complex sentences on economic activities.

20 using Noun Clauses, 20 using adjective Clauses, and 20 using Adverbial Clauses.

1. _______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________

• _______________________________________________________________

• _______________________________________________________________

• _______________________________________________________________

59. _______________________________________________________________

60. _______________________________________________________________