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0.1.clinical Pharmacokinetics
0.1.clinical Pharmacokinetics
problem solving
Department of Pharmacology
COMAHS, USL
overview
• INTRODUCTION
• PHARMACOKINETICS PARAMETERS
– Linear/non-linear PK
– Pharmacokinetics models
– Clearance
– Vd
– Half-life
– Bioavailability
• DRUG DOSING IN
– Renal & hepatic disease
– Heart failure
– Drug interactions
- Time: ….min
Definition
• Clinical pharmacokinetics is the application of
pharmacokinetic principles to the safe and effective
therapeutic management of drugs in an individual patient.
A. 10 L
B. 20 L
C. 30 L
D. 200 L
3/0.15= 20L
Problem no - 03
A 20L
B 25L
C 50L
D 500L
A 20L
Problem no 4
Here we can calculate LD using infusion rate and elimination rate as well .
Pharmacokinetics models
• A basic type of model used in pharmacokinetics is the
compartmental model.
• Compartmental models are categorized by the number of
compartments needed to describe the drug's behavior in the
body.
• There are one- compartment, two-compartment, and
multicompartment models.
• The compartments do not represent a specific tissue or fluid
but may represent a group of similar tissues or fluids.
• These models can be used to predict the time course of drug
concentrations in the body
¨ The one compartment
model linear assumes that
the drug in question is
evenly distributed
throughout the body into a
single compartment.
• V= dose/Cp • V= dose/Cp
= 500/16= 31.3L =500/31= 16.1L
• Cl=kV= 90mL/mim • Cl=kV= 84mL/mim
Importance of two-compartment models
• For many drugs, multicompartment kinetics may be
observed for significant periods of time.
• t1/2 = 0.693/ ke
= 0.693/0.081
= 8.6 hr
Bioavailability
• The fraction of the administered dose that is delivered to the
systemic circulation is known as the bioavailability for the
drug.
= 10mg/hr
When the elimination rate constant decreases, the infusion rate
must decrease proportionately to maintain the same Css.
However, because the elimination rate constant is smaller (ie, the
elimination t 1/2 is longer), the time to reach C SS will be longer
Problem no – 12*
Vd
rem
ains
una
lter
ed,
the
half
-life
incr
eas
e,
tot
al
ste
ady
-
stat
e
dru
g
con
cen
tra
tion
s
will
incr
eas
e
Thank you