DIABETES

Rozak Kurniawan (20020025)

Definition
 What is Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases
characterized by high blood sugar levels/ glucose,
that result from defects in insulin secretion, or
action, or both.
Etiology
 What causes diabetes mellitus?
 Insufficient production of insulin (either absolutely
or relative to the body's needs) or the inability of
cells to use insulin properly and efficiently leads to
hyperglycemia and diabetes. This is the primary
problem in type 2 diabetes.

 The absolute lack of insulin, usually secondary to

a destructive process affecting the insulin
producing beta cells in the pancreas, is the main
disorder in type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Clasification of Diabetes Mellitus
 Diabetes mellitus type 1 or insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

 In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas incapable of making

insulin. Abnormal antibodies have been found in the
majority of patients with type 1 diabetes. The patient
with type 1 diabetes must rely on insulin medication
for survival.
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
(cont.)
 Diabetes mellitus type 2 or non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

 In type 2 diabetes, patients can still

produce insulin, but do so relatively
inadequately for their body's needs,
particularly in the face of insulin resistance.
A major feature of type 2 diabetes is a lack
of sensitivity to insulin by the cells of the
body (particularly fat and muscle cells)
Sign & Symptoms
 What are the symptoms of Diabetes
Mellitus?

 1. Dehydration
 2. Weight loss
 3. Fatigue, nausea and
vomiting
 4. Infections of the
bladder, skin, and
vaginal areas.
 5.. Lethargy and Coma
Diagnosed
 How can we diagnosed diabetes
mellitus?

 Normal fasting plasma glucose

levels are less than 100 mg/dl
 Fasting plasma glucose levels of
more than 126 mg/dl
 A random blood glucose test can
also be used to diagnose diabetes.
A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dl
or higher indicates diabetes
Complication
 What are the complications of Diabetes
Mellitus?

 Heart and blood vessel disease

 Nerve damage (neuropathy)
 Kidney damage (nephropathy)
 Eye damage (retinopathy)
 Foot damage
 Skin and mouth conditions
Treatment
 How can we treat the diabetic people?

 1. Taking insulin
 2. antihiperglicemi drug
 3. Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy
weight
 4. Eating healthy foods
 5. Monitoring blood sugar
Conclusion
 Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic
diseases characterized by high blood sugar
levels/ glucose, that result from defects in
insulin secretion, or action, or both.
 The important treatment for diabetes
mellitus is improve the lifestyle
 Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is
incurable but diabetes mellitus can be
controlled to avoid more severe
complications.