WH FR French Revolution All Parts

Modern World History
French Revolution & Napoleon
Compiled by- Pratik Nayak

℗
French Revolution
Q. What is French Revolution?
The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of ideological,

political and social upheaval in the political history of France and
Europe as a whole, during which the French polity, previously an
absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for
the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to
forms based on Enlightenment principles of republicanism,
citizenship, and rights.
French Revolution
1789 Starting of Revolution
Section-A
1815 Fall of Napoleon & End of Revolution
It is not an event of history,

It is a living legend
It is a process
1830 July Revolution

Section-B 1848 February Revolution
1871 Estd. Of French Republic

French Revolution Section-A
1789 Starting of Revolution
Phase-I 16 June Formation of National Assembly

Bourgeoisie
9 July National Assembly Constituent
Phase
Assembly
14 July Attack on Fort of Bastille
26 Aug. Declaration of Rights of Man & the

Citizen
Phase-II 1791 National Assembly

French Revolution Section-A
Phase-III 1792 National Convention

Radical 1793 Jacobins comes to power
Phase 1795 Directory Rule
1795-98 Rise of Napoleon
1799 Napoleon comes to power

1804 Napoleon become emperor
Phase-IV Reforms by Napoleon

Napoleonic wars
Age of
Napoleon 1815 Defeat of Napoleon @ Waterloo
Starting of Metternich System
French Revolution
French -आम आदमी Louis XVI
It was a conflict between, the French -आम आदमी and the

Monarchy.
Causes of French Revolution
It was a conflict between, the French -आम आदमी and the
Monarchy.
What circumstances lead to the French revolution, for that we

need to understand the French Story.
Socio-
Cultural
Understanding
France of 18th CE
Causes
Economic Political
Political Causes Monarchy
Bourbon
Dynasty
I am the state &

मुझे जो सही लगता हैं वो
my word is the
में करता करता हूँ Absolute Monarchism
law
Divine Rights Appointed by
Kings
Both Louis XIV & XV

Powerful kings
Louis XIV Louis XV
Centralised the administration
Abandoned the Representative Rampant Corruption
Institutions in France Estates
General
Bourbon
Dynasty
अब मेरी बारी हैं

Weak personality, not like his
grandfather
Louis XVI
Comes to power
in 1774
Dependent of Feudal elements
for consolidation of rule
Louis XVI
Monopolizing the govt. offices

by aristocrats & nobles
Bourbon
Dynasty
अब मेरी बारी हैं

No proper administration
Louis XVI
Comes to power No codified uniform legal
in 1774 system
Louis XVI
No uniform taxation policy
French common man was not

getting any representation, no
role to play Angry.
Bourbon
Dynasty
अब की
French common man was not बार...Citizens की
अब मेरी बारी हैं सरकार
getting any representation, no
role to play Angry.
The reaction came out on

16 June 1789.
French -आम आदमी
Louis XVI
Socio-
Cultural
Understanding
France of 18th CE Causes
Economic Political
Social Causes
French Soceity Estates System
1st Estate
2nd Estate
3rd Estate
Social Causes
French Society Estates System
1st Estate
• Made up of clergy of Roman Catholic

Church
• Scorned Enlightenment ideas
• <1% of total population
• Controlled 15% of the resources
• Didn’t paid taxes
• Used to runs schools & public
functions
Social Causes अब मेरी बारी हैं…
Tithe tax…
1st Estate
• Church Laid compulsary tax called

as Tithe
• 1/10th of total agricultural produce
need to be paid
• Church owned large land, but didn’t
paid tax
Social Causes
2nd Estate
• Consisted of Aristocrats & Nobles

• held highest offices in government
• disagreed about Enlightenment ideas
• accounted for just 2 percent of the
population
• owned 20 percent of the land
• paid almost no taxes
Social Causes
3rd Estate
• 97 percent of the people

• Three groups made up this estate
Social Causes 3rd Estate
1. The bourgeoisie or middle class • Three groups made up this
estate
were well educated and believed strongly in the Enlightenment ideals of

liberty and equality. अब की
बार...Citizens की
paid high taxes सरकार
lacked privileges
felt that their wealth entitled them to a greater

degree of social status and political power
French -आम आदमी

2. workers of France’s cities • Three groups made up this
estate
included tradespeople, apprentices, laborers, and domestic servants
Paid low wages

Also paid high tax
Politically , Socially, Economically

deprived
3. Peasants • Three groups made up this
estate
अब तो ये सरकार खून भी
formed the largest group within the Third Estate चूस लेगी
80 percent of France’s 26 million people
paid about half their income in dues to nobles,

tithes to the Church, and taxes to the king’s agents
resented the clergy and the nobles for their

privileges and special treatment
Socio-
Cultural
Understanding
Economic Political
Cultural Causes Enlightenment Ideas
18th Century Age of Reason
Ideologues, Philosophers wrote about the system
Q. Role of Philosophers
1. Montesquieu
Exposed Privilege based social system
Identified, Absolute Monarch & attacked it

Book Spirit of Laws
Separation of Power
Criticised existing laws

2. Voltaire
Wrote on French society
Book The age of loius XIV

Questioned the authority of chruch
3.Rousseau
Book Social Contract
Believed that people were born good

but were corrupted by the society
Man is born free but everywhere in chains

Q. Role of
Philosophers
They acted as Buddha for

the French People
Made French people aware

about the true character of
Louis King’s rule
4. American Revolution
It also affected the French revolution
Gen. Laffayate fought along the

Americans (Gen. Washington)
The French returned home

enthusiastically
Socio-
Cultural
Understanding
Economic Political
Economic Causes Absolute Monarchy
1.King Constantly @ War
3/4th of expense done on defence I am the state &
अब मेरी
my word बारी isहैं the
Louis XVI Sends his army to america to fight law
against the British
But, Q. From where to get revenue??
2. King lavish lifestyle Louis XVI

Personal income of the king not differentiated from states
Economic Causes Absolute Monarchy
But, Q. From where to get revenue??
3. Flawed taxation policy
1st and 2nd estate 40% of the wealth
Exempted from paying wealth
No uniform tax policy affected local trade
Therefore, not much economic development
4. 3rd Estate bear the brunt

Income low, High Poverty
High Inflation 65%
Occurrences of bread riots
Overall Development
Socio-cultural
By 1780s, France had

structural problems, which
Political
had large grievance among
the masses
Economic
French Revolution
By 1780s, France had
structural problems, which
caused large grievance
among the masses
French -आम Louis

आदमी
XVI
Some events between 1780
to 1788 were immediate
reasons for the revolution
French Revolution
Immediate Causes
Understanding the period between

1780 to 1789
French Revolution Events
1774 Louis XVI Comes to power
Weak ruler, corruption issues etc.
1786 France on verge of Banckruptcy What to do
mr. finance
No revenue income, treasury empty minister?
Or else we can
include these
West can call
special council
1 -2nd estate Consisted members from
session of
into paying
special council
taxes clergy, feudal lords, nobles
etc.
When Calonne gabve proposal to Louis
XVI
tax 1-2nd estate, the clergy and the
gentry created pressure on king.
Calonne was removed from his post
Calonne
1787 Finance minister Brienne
Also advised Uniform tax policy
What
Hmmm..to do
Introduction of new taxes mr.
Need
finance
to do
minister?
something
I suggest
My lord, we
uniform
need totax
impose special council Rejected
policy
taxesand
or else
new the proposal sent by
taxes
we’re done… Brienne
But now, King sent this

proposal to another body Louis
XVI
name parlement for advise
Brienne
1787 King sends the proposal to parelement
Parelement…
please
What to advise
do
us
Louis
XVI
1787 Parelement King can’t take unilateral
decision on imposition of taxes
For tax matter, we need to Parelement…
get consent from the Estates please advise
General us
Louis
XVI
1787 Parelement Estates general will decide
Estates General Last Parelement…

please advise
meeting took place in us
1614
एक तीर से दो निशान
Monarchy will get

Louis
weak. XVI
The 1st and 2nd estate
will get stronger
In between Trigger
What to do
now???
1787 Agricultural crises
1788 Bad Harvest
High Inflation
Unemployment
Bread riots etc.
Louis
XVI
5 May Session of Estates General
1789
What to do
now???
Voting Individually
Each estate had 1 vote.

No joint session between
3 estates
Louis
XVI
5 May Session of Estates General
1789
हम क्या चाहते... Joint एक काम करो..
No…can’t Hall को
have What to do
We want Joint
sitting… ताला sitting
लगा दो
joint now???
sitting for this
3rd Estate 1st-2nd Estate Louis XVI
The 1st- 2nd Estate advised the king not to have joint sitting
On this advise, to stop the 3rd Estate, the King locked the
assembly hall.
5 May The king locks the door of assembly hall
1789 where 3rd estate was to meet
3rd Estate people

got awakened
1789 3rd Estate meets @ Tennis Court
16 June
We are the national
assembly now….
3rd Estate declares itself as National Assembly of France

1789 3rd Estate meets @ Tennis Court
27 June Okay I am
We are the national
giving you
assembly now….
recognition
Feudalism & serfdom abolished

End of privilege system
Tithe was also abolished
1789 National assembly Constituent Assembly

9 July Continuous infighting going on in France
Economic crises continued
1789 National assembly Constituent Assembly
9 July Continuous infighting going on in France
Removal of Jacques Necker angered the people and they

attacked the fort of bastille
I need to solve
economic crises
1789 Attack on Fort Bastille
14 July
1789 Declaration of the Rights of the man& the citizen
26 Aug.
1791 France become constitutional monarchy
I still have
King lost the power of legislation power ….
But still had suspensive veto
1791 Legislative assembly formed

Oct.
Separation of Power
Rule of law
Popular sovereignty
1792 1ST European Coalition invades France आ जाओ
यारो....लोहा गरम हैं
The War of the First Coalition (1792–1797) was मार दो हथौड़ा
the first attempt by the European monarchies to
defeat the French First Republic
Spain, Holland, Austria, Prussia, England and Sardinia
(S.H.A.P.E.S)
The French king invited these coalition,
Now its time to

fight….
The French people, fought against this coalition

and also held responsible the French king for the
same
1792 Removal of King Estd. Of National Convention
Sep.
1792 The Directory Comes to power
Oct.
1792 The Directory Comes to power
1799 Foreign Invasions took place Anarchy in France
1799 Napoleon takes charge of France
9/10 Foreign Invasions took place Anarchy in France
Nov.
1799-1815 the Age of Napoleon

1799-1815 the Age of Napoleon
Q. Impact/Significance of French Revolution

Outcome of the French Revolution
1. Impact on
France
2. Impact on
England & Europe
3. Impact on
World
Q. Impact/Significance of French Revolution अब की
बार...Citizens की
सरकार
1. Impact on France
1. End of Monarchy
Establishment of Republican government
Constitutional government No divine rights
2. France became torch bearer of Humanity French -आम आदमी

Liberty
Equality
Fraternity
Declaration of the rights of the
man & citizen
अच्छे दिन आने वाले हैं
1. Impact on France
3. End of Privilege based social system
Establishment of Equality
4. End of Feudalism & Serfdom

Strengthening of Middle class
Forced labour abolished Opening of gates, end of
Improvement in conditions of nightmare for them
peasants
I do swear to be
1. Impact on France loyal to French
state
5. Church Power reduced
Religious freedom granted to citizen
Property of church confiscated
Priests were forced to take oath to

be loyal to the nation
State would pay salary to them
1. Impact on France
6. Administrative & Judicial Changes
Reorganization after revolution
Division of France into
83 departments
374 Cants (Districts)
44000 Communes
1. Impact on France
6. Administrative & Judicial Changes
Codification of laws
Uniform Judicial system
Penal code made softer
Later on, Napoleon codified the

laws
1. Impact on France
7. Economic impact
Tax collection methodology changed.
Octroi was abolished.
Q. Impact/Significance of French Revolution Welcome
to the clan
2. Impact on England & Europe
1. England Initially welcome the change
Because it would bring democracy in France
Later on, it tried to suppress it.

I can’t allow This revolution
anarchy will be violent
Edmund Burke
Anarchy Violent
PM Pitt Banned the

press & organizations
I can’t allow
2. Impact on England & Europe anarchy
1. England
Later on, it tried to suppress it.
Economic crises in England Due to
supporting anti-revolutionary activities
Start of Social & Political reforms

Parliamentary reforms
Encouraged revolutionary activities in Ireland

Ireland haath se
gaya…
2. Impact on England & Europe
2.Europe
Encouraged revolutionary activities in Ireland,
hence weakening of England.
Poland Revolutionary activity increased
United the Kings of Europe to come together &

fought anti-revolutionary wars
They tried to bring back the old system of

Monarch
3. Impact on World
Nationalism Nationalist movements around the world

Impetus to Nation-State system
Unification of Italy, Germany etc.
Gave ideals to the world Liberty, Equality & Fraternity
Questioned the idea of Divine rights, privilege based system…!!
Declaration of Human rights People are sovereign

3. Impact on World
Napoleon’s Role
Q. Rise of Napoleon
Q. Napoleon was child as well as destroyer of the revolution??

Napoleon Bonaparte Q. Rise of Napoleon
1792 National Convention

1793 Jacobins comes to power
1795 Directory Rule
1795-98 Rise of Napoleon
Napoleon
1804 Napoleon become emperor
Reforms by Napoleon
Napoleonic wars
1815 Defeat of Napoleon @ Waterloo

Starting of Metternich System
Started as Military officer in the French army I am the

Revolution
Established himself as an commander &
popular for his triumph in Europe
Due to anarchy and misrule in 1799,

captured power from the directory
By, 1804 proclaimed himself as the Emperor

of the French Republic
Only objective Glory of France

Therefore, Mass appeal among people
Even monarchy forces also supported him,
I am the
because they believed that a strong person can Revolution
only handle France
Middle class thought he would bring stability,

and economic progress
Peasants also supported him as napoleon

promised them land rights
Napoleon Bonaparte Q. Emperor
I am the
Revolution
Brought Italy under the French Rule in 1797

Disintegrated the Holy Roman Empire
Napoleon Bonaparte Q. Emperor
Defeated the European coalition

Austria, Prussia etc. by 1806
Unified Germany from 30039
Tried to defeat England by using

Continental System(1806-10)
Tried to control Spain Ulcer

Resulting into defeat
Finally defeated by European force @ Leipzig (1813) & waterloo (1814)

Napoleon Bonaparte Q. Empire of
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte Reforms
I am the
Revolution
1. Administrative
2. Judicial
Reforms
3.Economic
4. Religious
1. Administrative
I am the
1. Established strong & stable French state Revolution
Centralized administration
Established Central Secretariat
2.Curbed Liberty to establish law & order

Curbed Liberty Press censorship
3. Equality
Merit based appointments
1. Administrative
I am the
4. Centralized administration Education Revolution
State must control Education

Written syllabus
Estd. Military school

Set up French university system
2. Judicial
1. 1804 Code of Civil Justice

1807 Napoleonic Code
Rule of Law
Equality
Inspired Judicial system all
around the world
Indian Constitution Liberty,

Equality & Fraternity
3. Economic
1. Nationalisation
Estd. Bank of France
2. Promoted free trade

Put France towards Industrialisation
3. Uniform tax policy
4. Constructed roads & bridges

4. Religious
1. Adopted Secular policy

Liberty to follow any religion
2. Agreement with Pope

Concordat of 1801
Thank You.

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Modern World History

French Revolution & Napoleon

Compiled by- Pratik Nayak

The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of ideological,

It is not an event of history,

1830 July Revolution

1871 Estd. Of French Republic

1789 Starting of Revolution

Phase-I 16 June Formation of National Assembly

14 July Attack on Fort of Bastille

26 Aug. Declaration of Rights of Man & the

Phase-II 1791 National Assembly

Phase-III 1792 National Convention

1799 Napoleon comes to power

Phase-IV Reforms by Napoleon

French -आम आदमी Louis XVI

It was a conflict between, the French -आम आदमी and the

What circumstances lead to the French revolution, for that we

I am the state &

Both Louis XIV & XV

अब मेरी बारी हैं

Monopolizing the govt. offices

अब मेरी बारी हैं

French common man was not

The reaction came out on

• Made up of clergy of Roman Catholic

French Society Estates System

• Church Laid compulsary tax called

• Consisted of Aristocrats & Nobles

• 97 percent of the people

were well educated and believed strongly in the Enlightenment ideals of

felt that their wealth entitled them to a greater

French -आम आदमी

included tradespeople, apprentices, laborers, and domestic servants

Paid low wages

Politically , Socially, Economically

paid about half their income in dues to nobles,

resented the clergy and the nobles for their

Exposed Privilege based social system

Identified, Absolute Monarch & attacked it

Criticised existing laws

Wrote on French society

Book The age of loius XIV

Book Social Contract

Believed that people were born good

Man is born free but everywhere in chains

They acted as Buddha for

Made French people aware

It also affected the French revolution

Gen. Laffayate fought along the

The French returned home

2. King lavish lifestyle Louis XVI

4. 3rd Estate bear the brunt

By 1780s, France had

French -आम Louis

Understanding the period between

But now, King sent this