Raspberry Pi

Components & Booting

Applications

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 Raspberry Pi

• The Raspberry Pi- a credit card sized single board

computer developed by Raspberry Pi Foundation,
United Kingdom.
• Raspberry Pi foundation with the aim to enlighten and
empower computer science teaching in schools and
other developing countries.
• Since its inception, various open source communities
have contributed tons towards open source apps,
operating systems and various other small form factor
computers similar to Raspberry Pi.
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3
 Power
5v micro
USB
connector

(Similar to the one on a lot of mobile

phones!)
 3.5mm Audio
Standard
A/V (Audio/Video) headphone
socket
RCA Video
(works with most
older TVs)

HDMI Audio & Video

(works with modern TVs and DVI monitors)
 Connectivity
2 x USB 2.0
ports
GPIO
(General
Purpose
Input &
Output)

10/100Mb
Ethernet
 Internals LAN Controller

DSI
(display
interface) CSI
(camera
interface)
SOC (System On a Chip)
Broadcom BCM2835 700Mhz
Storage

SD Card Slot
(supports SD cards up to 32GB)
 Components of Raspberry Pi- Computer

• Raspberry Pi comprise of following

components
– Micro-USB Power Supply:

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 Components of Raspberry Pi- Computer

• SD Card Slot: a solid-state removable storage

device which is required to run operating
systems on Raspberry Pi as Raspberry Pi
doesn’t have any onboard memory and data
storage functionality

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• USB Ports : Raspberry Pi Model B comprise of
2 USB 2.0 ports whereas Model B+ comprise
of 4 USB 2.0 ports
• Ethernet Port: In order to enable Internet
connection online and to update the
software’s or to install latest packages from
online repositories, Raspberry Pi supports
Ethernet Connection
• RJ45 Connector

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• HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface):
HDMI Port enables Raspberry Pi to be
connected to HDTV via HDMI cable.

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• Video Out (RCA Cable): In addition to HDMI
Connectivity which facilitates HD connection,
Raspberry Pi also has provision to be
connected to standard monitor or TV using
RCA video cable.

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Status Led’s: Raspberry Pi comprise of 5 main LED’s performing the following
functions:
• a. ACT: (Color-Green): The main function of ACT LED is to show card status.
Normally flashing during any SD Card activity performed by end user.
• b. PWR: (Color-Red): The main function of PWR led is power. This led is
continuously ON when raspberry Pi is switched on and keep on till
switched off.
• c. FDX: (Color-Orange): The main function of FDX led is full duplex. This Led
is powered on when Ethernet connection is of Full Duplex type.
• d. LNK: (Color- Orange): The function performed by LNK led is Link. This LED
is powered on when Ethernet connection is established and packet transfer
starts taking place.
• e. 100: (Color-Orange): The 100 Led objective is to show 100 Mbps
connection. When any connection is established at Ethernet port, this LED
only gets on when connection is of 100 Mbps speed and gets powered off
when connection is at 10 Mbps

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• GPIO (General Purpose Input Output): GPIO
facilitates connecting all sorts of peripheral
devices to Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi has
onboard GPIO with 40 pins, 26 of which are
used as digital inputs or outputs.

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• CSI Camera Connector: Raspberry Pi has a
Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI)
Camera Serial Interface Type 2 (CSI-2). CSI-2
facilitates connection of small camera to
Broadcom BCM 2835 processor

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• DSI Display Connector: Raspberry Pi connector
S2 is a display serial interface (DSI) for
connecting LCD panel using a 15-pin ribbon
cable

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• System On Chip (SoC): Raspberry Pi (System
on Chip) SoC is ARM Based by Broadcom
Technologies. The ARM processor runs from
700 Mhz to 1 Ghz. The SoC also facilitates
Videocore IV GPU, and is capable for fast 3D
operation, openGL and supports Blueray and
H.264 video playback

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 GENERATIONS OF RASPBERRY PI
• Raspberry Pi- Model A Raspberry Model A is
regarded as First Generation of Raspberry Pi’s
models released till date. Under Raspberry Pi
Model A two models were released:
Raspberry Pi 1 Model A and Raspberry Pi 1
Model A+.

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• Raspberry Pi: Model A
Raspberry Pi Model A is regarded as Lower-spec
variant of Raspberry Pi. The model was
especially used for embedded projects as this
model of Pi because this model misses
important hardware ports. Model A was lighter
and consumes less power as compared to Model
B.

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• Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+ was the successor
and well updated model to Model A of
Raspberry Pi in terms of smaller size and less
power consumption. Various enhanced
improvements are being done in Model A+ in
terms of additional GPIO pins, MicroSD card
support and better audio reproduction.

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• Raspberry Pi: Model B Raspberry Pi 1 Model B
was regarded as higher specification variant of
Pi 1 Model A with good performance in
working because of high RAM, additional USB
port slots and Ethernet Port.

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• Raspberry Pi: Model B+
• Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ was regarded as the last
cum final version under Raspberry Pi 1 models
category. Model B+ replaced Model B and was
equipped with more enriched hardware features like
more GPIO, more USB ports, better MicroSD card,
low power consumption as compared to all
Raspberry 1 generations models and better audio
output.

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• Raspberry Pi 2: Model B :Raspberry Pi 2
Model B is regarded as second generation
Raspberry Pi. It replaced the Raspberry Pi 1
Model B+ models in terms of powerful CPU,
RAM, GPIO and additional hardware
connectivity support.

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• Raspberry Pi- Zero :Raspberry Pi ZERO is the
other addition to Raspberry Pi Family. It is the
low cost and least expensive board costing
about $5. Raspberry Pi Zero, being compatible
to run Raspbian and all other applications
being supported by other Pi’s. The size is
almost half of A+ model and utilities are
double in number

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RASPBERRY PI- OPERATIONS SYSTEMS
• Kernel is basically a component of operating
systems which functions with installed hardware
devices. Kernel is also termed as “Firmware”
because it is software that is semi-permanently
written on Partition 1 of SD card
1. Raspbian Operating System: Raspbian operating
system, based on Debian is optimized for
Raspberry Pi hardware. Raspbian consists of set of
programs and utilities which makes the Pi run.

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2. Arch Linux ARM Arch Linux ARM is regarded
as Linux distribution especially tailored cum
developed for ARM computers. Arch Linux ARM
is regarded as simple in operation and provides
full control to end users
3. OpenELEC (Open Embedded Linux
Entertainment Center) [13]: OpenELEC, a Linux
based distribution especially designed for
managing HTPC’s and this distribution is based
on KODI (XBMC-Media Player).

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• Pidora: Pidora Operating system is also known as
“Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix”. Pidora is a Linux
software distribution especially designed for
Raspberry Pi. It comprise of software packages
from Fedora Project which are especially
tailored/modified to run on Pi.

• Puppy Linux: Puppy Linux is regarded as

Lightweight distribution that focusses on simple
use via low memory usage. Puppy Linux is also
customized for Raspberry Pi with wide collection
of application suites.
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 Booting in Raspberry Pi
• First, you need to know the RPi does not boot
up like a conventional desktop computer. The
VideoCore a.k.a the Graphics processor
actually boots before the ARM CPU
• The SoC (or System-on-Chip) contains the
ARM CPU, the VideoCore Graphics Processor,
 ROM (Read-Only-Memory) chip, the SDRAM
and so many other things.

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• When you power on your Raspberry Pi, the
first bits of code to run is stored in a ROM chip
in the SoC and is built into the Pi during
manufacture! This is the called the first-stage
bootloader. The SoC is hardwired to run this
code on start up on a small RISC Core
(Reduced Instruction Set Computer).

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• It is used to mount the FAT32 boot partition in
your SDCard so that the second-stage
bootloader can be accessed. So what is this
‘second-stage bootloader’ stored in the SD
Card? It’s ‘bootcode.bin’. 

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• The first-stage bootloader has not yet initialized
your ARM CPU (meaning CPU is in reset) or your
RAM. So, the second-stage bootloader also has to
run on the GPU. The bootloader.bin file is loaded
into the 128K 4 way set associative L2 cache of the
GPU and then executed.
• This enables the RAM and loads start.elf which is
also in your SD Card. This is the third-stage
bootloader and is also the most important. It is
the firmware for the GPU has instructions to load
the settings from config.txt which is also in the SD
Card.  You can think of the config.txt as the ‘BIOS
settings’ .
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• The start.elf also splits the RAM between your GPU
and the ARM CPU. The ARM only has access the to
the address space left over by the GPU address
space.
• Other than loading config.txt and splitting RAM,
the start.elf also loads cmdline.txt.
• This brings us to the final stage of the boot
process. The start.elf finally loads kernel.img which
is the binary file containing the OS kernel and
releases the reset on the CPU. The ARM CPU then
executes whatever instructions in the 
kernel.img thereby loading the operating system
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Noobs installer– New Out Of Box Software

•  The Raspberry Pi package only comes with the

main board and nothing else. It does not come
shipped with an operating system. Operating
systems are loaded on a SD card from a computer
and then the SD card is inserted in the Pi which
becomes the primary boot device.
• Installing operating system can be easy for some
enthusiasts, but for some beginners working with
image files of operating systems can be difficult

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• New Out Of Box Software which eases the
process of installing an operating system on the
Pi.
• The NOOBS installer can be downloaded from the
official website. A user only needs to connect a
SD card with the computer and just run the setup
file to install NOOBS on the SD card. Next, insert
the card on the Raspberry Pi. On booting the first
time, the NOOBS interface is loaded and the user
can select from a list of operating systems to
install. It is much convenient to install the
operating system this way.
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Making a LED blink using the Raspberry Pi and Python

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Python code

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 Smart TV
• It can make your Old TV in to a smart TV. (You
can play Videos, 3D Games, Music, Browse
Internet and much more.
• Raspberry Pi can Act as Full HD 1080p Media
Player.
• Its a Mini Computer which just cost Rs.2,350/-
• You can connect a Monitor, Keyboard and
Mouse and use it as a normal computer.

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Application

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 Installation sites
• https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-
b/specifications/?resellerType=home

• https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/raspberry-pi-setting-up

• https://youtu.be/wvxCNQ5AYPg

• https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/raspberry-pi-headless-
setup-how-to,6028.html

• https://www.piddlerintheroot.com/

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