OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH
Ms . Neethu Vincent
Asst.Professor
KVM College of Nursing

11/20/15 1
 • Harry McShane, age 16,
1908. Pulled into
machinery in a factory
in USA. His arm was
ripped off at the
shoulder and his leg
broken.
• No compensation paid.

11/20/15 2
 Definition
• "Occupational health is promotion and
maintenance of the highest degree of physical,
mental and social well-being of workers in all
occupations by preventing departures from
health caused controlling risks and adaptation
of work to people , and people to their jobs .
(ILO /WHO 1950)

11/20/15 3
 Objectives
•Identify all hazardous conditions which might be
there in work place
•Plan and implement protective and control
measures to deal with identified hazardous
conditions in work place
•Ensure that physical and psychological demands
imposed on workers by their job are properly
matched with their individual anatomical ,physical
and psychological needs,capabilities and
limitations

5
•Provide effective services to protect their health
who are especially vulnerable to the adverse
working conditions
•Provide effective services to workers who are
incapacitated for any reason and rehabilitate
them as soon as possible
 AIMS
•The promotion and maintenance of highest degree of
physical ,mental and social well being of workers in
all occupations
•Among workers the prevention of departures from
health caused in their working conditions
•The protection of workers in their employment from
risk resulting from factors adverse to health
•The placing and maintenance of the workers in an
occupational environment adapted to his
physiological and equipment
•To summarize the adaptation of work to man and of
each man to his job
 OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS

ARUN PIRAVOM 6 11/20/15

 Physical hazards
• Heat and cold

• Light

• Noise

• Vibration

• Ultraviolet radiation

• Ionizing radiation
11/20/15 8
 Heat
direct effects indirect effects are

• Burns • Decreased

• Heat exhaustion

• Heat stroke efficiency

,
• Heat cramps
• Increased
fatigue
11/20/15 9
 Cold
• Chilblains

• Erythrocyanosis

• Immersion foot

• Frostbite as a result of
cutaneous
vasoconstriction.
• 11
G e neral
/20/ 15 9
 Light
The acute effects of poor illumination are
• Eye strain,Headache,Eye pain,Lacrymation,
Congestion around the cornea and Eye fatigue.
• The chronic effects on health include "miner's
nystagmus"
• Exposure to excessive brightness or glare is
associated with discomfort ,annoyance and
visual fatigue.
• Intense direct glare in blurring of vision and
lead to accidents 10
11/20/15
 Noise
(i) Auditory effects

 Temporary or permanent hearing

loss auditory effects

(ii) Non

 Nervousness,Fatigue,Interference
with communication by
speech,Decreased efficiency &
a1nnoyance

 The degree of injury from exposure to

noise depends upon a number of factors
such as intensity and frequency range
,duration of exposure and individual
susceptibility 11
 Vibration

• Exposure to vibration may also produce

injuries of the joints of the hands elbows
and shoulders.
• Drills and harmers
• Fine blood vessels in fingers
Increase sensitive to spasm 23eeeeeeee
12
 Ultraviolet radiation
• Occupational exposure radiation
–welding
• Conjunctivitis ,Keratitis
(welder's flash).
• Symptoms –redness of the eyes
and pain

11/20/15 14
 Ionizing radiation
•X-rays and radiation isotopes
The radiation hazards comprise
• Genetic changes
• Malformation
• Cancer
• Leukaemia
• Depilation
• Ulceration
• Sterility
• in extreme cases death.
11/20/15 15
 Ionizing radiation

The International Commission of Radiological

Protection has set the maximum permissible
level of occupational exposure at 5 rem per
year to the whole body.

11/20/15 16
 Chemical hazards

11/20/15 17
 Chemical hazards
1. Local Actions
• Dermatitis ,eczema,ulcers and even cancer
by primary irritant action
• Cause dermatitis by an allergic action
• Aromatic nitro and amino compounds ,TNT
absorbed through skin and cause systemic
effects
• Occupational dermatitis
 Chemical hazards

(2) Inhalation :
• Dusts

• Gases

• Metals and their

compounds

11/20/15 19
 Chemical hazards
• Dusts
Dusts are finely divided solid particles with size ranging from
0.1 to 150 microns

Dust particles larger than 10 microns settle down from the

air rapidly,

IndefinitelyParticles smaller than 5 microns are directly

inhaled into the lungs and are retained there and is mainly
responsible for pneumoconiosis.
11/20/15 20
11/20/15 21
 Chemical hazards
Classification of dusts
• Inorganic and organic dusts;

• Soluble and insoluble dusts.

Soluble dust –dissolve slowly-enter systematic

circulation-eliminated by body metabolism

Insoluble dust – remain permanently in the lungs

,cause of pneumoconiosis
• Silicosis and anthracosis
11/20/15 22
 Chemical hazards
Gases
• Simple gases (e.g., oxygen, hydrogen),

• Asphyxiating gases (e.g. carbon monoxide,

cyanide gas, sulphur dioxide, chlorine)
• Anaesthetic gases (e.g., chloroform, ether,
trichlorethylene).
• Carbon monoxide hazards – coal gas
manufacturing plants and steel industry
11/20/15 23
 Chemical hazards

• Metals and their compounds

Lead, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium,

cobalt, manganese, mercury, phosphorus,
chromium, zinc and others

11/20/15 24
 Chemical hazards

(3) Ingestion:

Occupational diseases may also result from

ingestion of chemical substances such as lead,
mercury, arsenic, zinc, chromium, cadmium,
phosphorus etc.

11/20/15 25
 Biological hazards
• Brucellosis,Leptospirosis,Anthrax,Hydatid
osis,Tetanus,Encephalitis,fungal
infections, Schistosomiasis & a host of
/15

others
• persons working among Animal products
(hair,wool,hides) and agricultural workers
• Overcrowding, defective ventilation,
fatique and excessive hours of work

25
11/20/15 27
 Mechanical hazards

Mechanical
industry
,protruding and
moving parts

11/20/15 28
 Psychosocial hazrds
Factors affect health
• Frustration
• Lack of job
satisfaction,
• Insecurity
• Poor human
relationships,
• Emotional
tension
11/20/15 29
 Psychosocial hazrds

The health effects can be classified in two

(a) Psychological and behavioural changes

(b) Psychosomatic ill health

11/20/15 30
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

DISEASE DUE TO PHYSICAL AGENT

• Heat-heat hyperpyrexia,heat exhaustion,heat
syncope,heat cramps,burns
• Cold-trench foot,frostbite,chillblains

• Light-occupational cataract,miner’s
nystagmus
• Pressure- caisson diseases, air embolism,blast
11/20/15 ARUN PRAVOM 30
• Noise- occupational deafness

• Radiation-cancer ,luekaemia,aplastic
anaemia,pancytopenea
• Mechanical factors- injuries,accidents

• Electricity-burns
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
DISEASE DUE TO CHEMICAL AGENT

• Gases

• Dusts (pneumoconiosis)

 Inorganic dust: coal dust-anthracosis; silica;-silicosis, asbestos-

asbestosis; iron-siderosis

 Organic(vegetable dust): cane fiber-bagassosis; cotton dust-

byssinosis, tobacco-tobacossis; hay or grain dust-farmers lung

• Metals and their compounds: lead ,mercury, cadmium, manganese,

beryllium, arsenic,chromium.
•

• Chemicals: acids, alkalies, pesticides

Solvents: carbon bisulphide, chloroform , benzene
ARUN PIRAVOM 33 11/20/15
 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
III. DISEASE DUE TO BIOLOGICAL AGENT
• Brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, tetanus, encephalities,
fungal infection.
IV. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
• Cancer of the skin, lungs, bladder
V. OCCUPATIONAL DERMATOSIS
• Dermatitis, eczema
VI. DISEASE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ORIGIN
• Industrial neurosis, hypertension, peptic ulcer.
ARUN PIRAVOM 34 11/20/15
 PNEUMOCONIOSIS

ARUN PIRAVOM 35 11/20/15

A lung disease due to exposure of lung for
variable period to dust in the size range
of
0.5 to 3 microns leading to lung fibrosis
and other complications.
HAZARDS OF DUST PARTICALS ON LUNG
DEPENDS ON

Chemical composition

Fineness

Concentration of dust in air

Health status of the person exposed

Period of exposure
SOME IMPORTANT
DUST DISEASES
ARE:
SILICOSIS
ANTHRACOSIS

BYSSINOSIS

BAGASOSIS

ASBESTOSIS

FARMAR’S LUNG
 SILICOSIS
 Major cause of permanent disability and mortality

First reported in India from Kolar Gold Mines (Mysore) in

1947

The incubation period may vary from a few months to

up to 6 years of exposure.

Silicosis was made a notifiable disease under the

Factories Act 1948 and the Mines Act 1952
Pathogenesis of silicosis
Particles reach lungs

Ingested by phagocytes

Phagocytes accumulate and block

lymph channels

Dense nodular fibrosis

Respiratory problems
Advanced silicosis seen on transection of lung. Scarring
has contracted the upper lobe into a small dark mass (arrow). Note the
dense pleural thickening.
Courtesy of Dr. John Godleski, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.)
 Management of silicosis:

 There is no effective treatment of silicosis

Fibrotic changes that have already taken place
cannot be reversed.
The only way that silicosis can be controlled is
by
a)Rigorous dust control measures, e.g.,
substitution complete enclosure , isolation ,
hydroblasting

etc
b) Regular examination of workers
 Anthracosis
•Risk of death among coal miners has been
nearly twice that of general population

•It has been declared as a notifiable disease in

Indian Mines Act of 1952 and also compostable
in the Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1959.
Pathogenesis of
Anthracosis
Simple pneumoconiosis

Little ventilatory impairment

Progressive massive fibrosis

Severe respiratory disability

Premature death
Progressive massive fibrosis in a coal worker. Large
amount of black pigment is associated with fibrosis.
(From Klatt EC: Robbins and Cotran atlas of
pathology, ed 2, Elsevier, p. 121.)
 BYSSINOSIS
•Due to inhalation of cotton fibre dust over long periods
of time

•Symptoms are chronic cough , progressive dyspnoea,

ending in chronic bronchitis and emphysema

•Incidence of byssinosis is reported to be 7 to 8 percent

in three independent surveys carried out in Mumbai,
Ahmedabad and Delhi.
 Bagassosis

•Due to bagasse or sugarcane

•Reported first by Ganguli and Pal in 1955 in a cardboard
manufacturing firm near Kolkata .
Infection of
Thermoactinomyces sacchari

Breathlessness, cough,
haemoptysis and slight fever

Acute diffuse
bronchiolitis

Diffuse fibrosis, emphysema

and bronchiectasis
 Preventive measures

1. Dust control
2. Personal protection
3. Medical control
4. Bagasse control
 ASBESTOSIS
Asbestos are silicates of varying composition ; the
silica combines with such bases as magnesium, iron,
calcium, sodium and aluminium.
 Asbestos are of two types
a) Serpentine or chrysolite variety
b)Amphibole type
Asbestos is mined in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
Jharkhand, Karnataka etc
Asbestos enter via inhalation

Fine dust deposited via alveoli

Pulmonary fibrosis

Respiratory insufficiency and death,

carcinoma of bronchus , pleura,
peritoneum and gut.
 Preventive measures

a)Use of safer types of asbestos

b)Substitution of other insulants;
glass fibers, mineral wool, calcium
silicate etc
c) Rigorous dust control
d) Periodic clinical examination
e) Continuing research
 Farmer’s lung
Due to inhalation of mouldy hay or grains

Grain dust or hay with moisture

Bacteria and fungus grow

Rise in temperature to 40 to 50
degree Celsius

Infection of Micropolyspora
faeni

Pulmonary fibrosis and cor

pulmonale
 LEAD POISONING

MODE OF ABSORPTION

(1) INHALATION.

(2) INGESTION.

(3) SKIN

11/20/15 54
 LEAD POISONING
CLINICAL PICTURE
• The toxic effects of inorganic exposure
• abdominal colic
• Constipation
• loss of appetite
• blue-line on the gums
• stippling of red cells
• Anaemia
• wrist drop
• foot drop.
11/20/15 55
 LEAD POISONING

• The toxic effects of organic lead compounds

are mostly on the central nervous system
• Insomnia

• Headache

• Mental confusion

• Delirium.
11/20/15 56
11/20/15 47
 LEAD POISONING
DIAGNOSIS

(1) HISTORY

(2) CLINICAL FEATURES

(3) LABORATORY TESTS:

• Coproporphyrin in urine (CPU) :

• Amino levulinic acid in urine (ALAU) :

• Lead in blood and urine:

• Basophilic stipling of RBC

11/20/15 58
 LEAD POISONING
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Substitution
• Isolation
• Local exhaust ventilation
• Personal protection.
• Good house-keeping
• Working atmosphere:
• Periodic examination of workers
• Personal hygiene.
• Health education :
11/20/15 59
 OCCUPATIONAL CANCER

• Skin cancer: gas workers, oil refiners, tar

distillers, oven workers.
• Lung cancer: gas industry, nickle and
chromium work, mining of radio active
substance

ARUN PIRAVOM 50 11/20/15

 OCCUPATIONAL CANCER

• Bladder cancer: dye stuff,

dyeing industries, rubber, gas
and electrical cable industry.
• Leukemia: benzol, roengent
rays and radioactive
substance.
11/20/15 51
 OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
The control measures
• Elimination or control of industrial carcinogens.

• Medical examinations

• Inspection of factories,

• Notification,

• Licensing of

• establishments, Personal

• hygiene measures,

Education of workers and 52

 OCCUPATIONAL DERMATITIS

Causes
• Physical

• Chemical

• Biological

• Plant products

ARUN PIRAVOM 53 11/20/15

 CLASSIFICATION

1. PRIMARY IRRITANTS
2. SENSITIZING SUBSTANCES
 OCCUPATIONAL DERMATITIS

PREVENTION

(1) Pre-selection

(2) Protection

(3) Personal hygiene

(4) Periodic inspection

11/20/15 54
 Radiation hazards

Effects : burns,dermatitis ,blood discrasiasis,

Chronic exposure may cause malignancies and
genetic effects
 RADIATION HAZARDS
Preventive measures :
• Shielding of workers

• Monitoring the employees

• Protective clothing

• Adequate ventilation

• Replacement and periodic examination

• Avoidance of pregnant women to work

11/20/15
ARUN PIRAVOM 55
 Sickness Absenteeism

Causes
• Economic

• Social

• Medical

• Non occupational causes

11/20/15 68
 Sickness Absenteeism

Prevention
• Good factory managementand practices

• Adequate preplacement examination

• Good human relations

• Application of ergonomics

11/20/15 69
 Occupational hazards

1. Zoonotic disease
2. Accidents
3. Toxic hazards
4. Physical hazards
5. Respiratory hazards
 Accidents
Causes

A)Human factors
• Physical

• Physiological:sex,age,time experience
working hours
• Psychological

B)Environmental factors
11/20/15 71
 Accidents
Prevention
• Adequate preplacement examination

• Adequate job training

• Continuing education

• Ensure safe working conditions

• Establishing safety department in the organization under a

competent safety engineer.
• Periodic surveys for finding out hazards
59
11/2 0/1 5
HEALTH PROBLEM DUE TO
INDUSTRIALIZATION
 HEALTH PROBLEM DUE TO
INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Environmental sanitation problems

• Communicable disease

• Food sanitation

• Mental health

• Accidents and social problems

• Morbidity and mortality

ARUN PIRAVOM 74 11/20/15
MEASURES FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION OF WORKERS
 MEASURES FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION OF WORKERS
• Nutrition
• Communicable disease control
• Environmental sanitation
• Mental health
• Measures for women and children
• Health education
• Family planning

ARUN PIRAVOM 76 11/20/15

 Nutrition

• Under Indian factory act,

One canteen when number of

employees exceeds 250
• Education of workers on the
value of balanced diet.

11/20/15 77
 Communicable disease control

• Adequate
immunization against
communicable
diseases

11/20/15 78
 Environmental sanitation
• Water supply

Installation of drinking water fountains

• Food

Sanitary preparation, storage and

handling of food

Education of food handlers

11/20/15 79
 Environmental sanitation

• Toilet

One sanitary convenience for

25 employees for the first 100
employees and thereafter one
for 50
• General plant cleanliness
11/20/15 80
 Environmental sanitation
• Sufficient space

The recommended standard is of minimum of 500cuft

• Lighting

Standards for illumination

High precision work 50-75 foot candles

Regular work- 6 to 12 foot candles

Corridoors and passages- 0.5 foot candles

11/20/15 81
 Environmental sanitation

• Ventilation, temperature

• Protection against hazards

• Housing

11/20/15 82
 Mental health
• To promote the health and happiness of the
workers.
• To detect signs of emotional stress and strain
and to secure relief of stress and strain
where possible
• The treatment of employees suffering from
mental illness and the rehabilitation of those
11/20 w ho become
/15 68
 MEASURES FOR WOMEN AND
CHILDREN
(1)Expectant mothers are given maternity leave for 12
weeks,

(2) Provision of free antenatal, natal and postnatal

services.

(3)The Factories Act (Section 66) prohibits night work

between 7 p.m. and 6 a.m.;

(4)The Indian Mines Act (1923) prohibits work

underground.

(5) The Factories Act, 1976 provides for

11/2w0/1h5 ere more than 30 women workers are 69
creches in factories
 Health education

11/20/15 85
 Family planning

11/20/15 86
 PREVENTION OF
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE

11/20/15 87
 PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE

MEDICAL MEASURES

 Pre-placement examination

 Periodical examination

 Medical and health care services

 Notification

 Supervision of working environment

ARUN PIRAVOM 88 11/20/15
 PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE

• ENGINEERING MEASURES

 Design of building

 Good housekeeping

 General ventilation

Mechanization

ARUN PIRAVOM 89 11/20/15


 PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE

ENGINEERING MEASURES

Dust-enclosure and isolation

 Local exhaust ventilation

Protection device

Environmental monitoring
Statistical monitoring and research 75
11/20/15
 PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASE
• LEGISLATION

 The Factory Act-1948

 The Employees state

insurance act-1948

ARUN PIRAVOM 76 11/20/15

 FACTORIES ACT,1948
Scope

For purposes of the act, a factory means an establishment,

• In which 10 or more workers have been employed during
the preceding 12 months in a manufacturing process,
operated on power Or

• In which 20 or more workers have been employed during

the preceding 12 months in manufacturing process
without power.

11/20/15 92
 FACTORIES ACT,1948

Appointment and employment

• Inspector of factories

• Medical practitioners

11/20/15 93
 FACTORIES ACT,1948

Provisions for Industrial workers

• Employment provisions

• Welfare provisions

• Safety provisions

• Sanitary provisions

11/20/15 94
 Health,safety and welfare :

1. Cleanliness ,
2. lighting,ventilation
3. treatment of waste ,
4. provition of spittoons
5. Elemination of dust and fumes
6. Control of temperature
7. Supply of cool drinking water
8. Minimum 500 cuft of space for each worker
 Employment of young person

Prohibit employment of children below 14 years

and declared 15 to 18 years as adolescents
Adolescent employee – 6 am to 7 pm
Hours of work :
•48 hours/week
•9hours /day with rest for half hour after 5 hours
of continuous work
•Adolescent – 5 – 4 ½ hour / day
•Not exceed 60 hours per week including over
time
Leave with wages
•Weekly holidays
•Leave with wage after 12 months continuos
service
•Adult -1 day for 20 days of work
•Children 1 day for every 15 days 0f work
•Accumulated to 30 days in case of adults And
49days in case of children
Occupational disease;
Employment of hazardous processes :site
appraisal committee consist of chief inspector
and other members
 THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE
ACT,1948

• The ESI Act of 1948 covered all power-using

factories other than seasonal factories where in
20 or more persons were employed
(excluding mines, railways and defense
establishments).

11/20/15 98
 ESI Act
The provisions of the ESI (Amendment) Act of 1975 were
extended to the following new classes of establishments:
a) Small power-using factories employing 10 to 19 persons, and
non-power-using factories employing 20 or more persons

b) Shops:

c) Hotels and restaurants;

d) Cinemas and theatres;

e) Road-motor transport establishments; and

f1)1/2N0/e15wspaper 81
 ESI Act- Administration
• ESI Corporation

• Chairman – The Union Ministry of labour

• Vice Chairman- Secretary to Govt. of

India

11/20/15 82
 ESI Act- Administration

Chief executive officer- Director general

Assisted by four principal officers

• Insurance commissiners

• Medical commissioners

• Finance commissioners

11/20/15
• Acturay 83
 THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE ACT,1948

Benefits to employees

(1) Medical benefit

(2) Sickness benefit

(3)Maternity benefit

(4\ Disablement benefit

(5) Dependent’s benefit

(6) Funeral expenses

11/20/15 (7) Rehabilitation
 THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE
ACT,1948
• Medical benefit

• The services comprises

(1) out-patient care

(2) supply of drugs and dressings

(3) specialist services in all branches of medicine

(4) pathological and radiological investigations

(5) domiciliary services

( 620)/15antenatal, natal and postnatal

11 / 85
THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE ACT,1948

• Medical benefit

(7) immunization services

(8) family planning services

(9) emergency services

(10) ambulance services

(11) health education and

(12) in-patient treatment.

11/20/15 10
4
THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE ACT,1948

Sickness benefit
• The benefit is payable for a maximum period of
91 days, in any continuous period of 365 days, the
daily rate being about 50% of the average daily
wages
• 34 diseases for which Extended Sickness Benefit
where the insured person has been in
continuous employment for 2 years:
11/20/15 10
5
 THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE
ACT,1948

Maternity benefit
• For confinement, the duration of benefit is 72
weeks, for miscarriage 6 weeks and for
sickness arising out of confinement etc. 30
days.

11/20/15 10
6
 THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE
ACT,1948

Disablement benefit
• The rate of temporary disablement benefit is about 70
per cent of the wages as long as the temporary
disablement lasts.
• In case of total permanent disablement, the insured
person is given life pension on the basis of loss of
earning capacity determined by a medical board
11/20/15 10
7
THE EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE ACT,1948

Dependent’s benefit
• Pension at the rate of 70 per cent of wages is payable,
on monthly basis.

Funeral expenses
•The amount not exceeding Rs. 5000.
Rehabilitation
• On monthly payment of Rs 10
11/20/15 10
8
11/20/15 91
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH TEAM

• Occupational

health nurse
• Physiotherapist.

• Specialist doctor

• Industrial manager

11/20/15 • Supervisor 11
0
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH TEAM

• Shift in charge

• Rehabilitation specialist

• Labour welfare officer

• Labour union representative.

• Representative of voluntary organizations

• Other invited members as per the need

11/20/15 111
 FUNCTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE

• Primary prevention

• Secondary prevention

• Tertiary prevention

11/20/15 11
2
 ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE
• Clinician

• Primary prevention

• Emergency care

• Treatment services

• Nursing diagnosis

• General Health advice and health assessment

• Research and the use of evidence based practice

11/20/15 11
3
 ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE

Specialist
• Occupational health policy, and practice
development, implementation and evaluation
• Occupational health assessment

• Health surveillance

• Sickness absence management

11/20/15 11
4
 ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
NURSE
Specialist
• Rehabilitation

• Maintenance of work ability

• Health and safety

• Hazard identification

• Risk assessment

• Advice on control strategies

11/20/15 11
5
 ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE

• Manager

• Co-ordinator

• Adviser

• Health educator

• Counsellor

• Researcher

11/20/15 11
6
 ROLE OF COMMUNTY HEALTH NURSE IN
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
• Home care

• Cooperation of plant department

• Special provision for services for women an d

children
• Creche work

• Rehabilitation of the ill and injured worke rs

• Industrial plant survey

11/20/15
• Administrative responsibilities 99
 ERGONOMICS

11/20/15 118
 DEFINITION
Ergonomics is the study of men at work
with a view to identify stress factors
operating in work environments and
impairing the physical, mental and
psychological health of workers and
interfering with their work performance.

11/20/15 119
11/20/15 102