UMTS Tx.

Chain

By Eng.
WALEED EL SAFOURY

Copyright © 2014 Waleed Elsafoury

UMTS TX. Chain
Speech coding • Analog to digital & compression

Channel coding • Error detection and correction

Interleaving • Randomization of errors

Ciphering • Give information privacy

Bit Mapping • Converts logical 0,1 to -1,+1

Channelization • Multiply by OVSF codes

Complex scrambling • Multiply by Gold codes

Modulation • BPSK & QPSK modulation

Speech coding
Channel Coding

CRC • Error detection

• Error correction
Convolutional
• For low rate

• Error correction
Turbo
• For high rate
Cyclic Redundancy Check
 CRC Algorithms
• CRC Algorithms
• 0, 8, 12, 16, or 24 parity bits (determined by upper layers)

• g(CRC24) = D24 + D23 + D6 + D5 + D + 1

• g(CRC16) = D16 + D12 + D5 + 1

• g(CRC12) = D12 + D11 + D3 + D2 + D + 1

• g(CRC8) = D 8 + D7 + D 4 + D 3 + D + 1
The Convolutional Coder

1:2 CONVOLUTIONAL CODER

WCDMA Turbo Code Generator
Xk

Zk

Data InX D D D
k
Rate = X
M
U
Turbo X Data Out
Z’k
Interleaver

D D D

Convolutional coding can be used for low data rates,

and turbo coding for higher rates
Interleaving
Transmitter
Interleaving
Matrix
Original Data Samples Interleaved Data Samples
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9
4 5 6
7 8 9

RF
Transmission Path

Receiver
De-
Interleaving
Interleaved Data Samples Matrix De-Interleaved Data Samples To Viterbi
1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 decoder
4 5 6
Errors Clustered 7 8 9 Errors Distributed
 Interleaving
Before
0, 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , (RC - 1)
Interleaving

Write Data 0 1 m C-1

into Matrix C C+1 C+m 2C-1
Row-wise • • --- • --- •
• • --- • --- •
(R-1)C (R-1)(C+1) (R-1)(C+m) RC-1

Permute C0 C1 --- Cm --- CC-1

Matrix
Columns

0 m 1 C-1
Read Data C C+m C+1 2C-1
from Matrix • • • •
Column-wise • • • •
(R-1)C (R-1)(C+m) (R-1)(C+1) RC-1

C0 Cm C1 CF-1
After
Interleaving 0, C, … , (R-1)C , m, C+m, … (R-1)(C+m) , … , 1, C+1 , (R-1)(C+1), .., C-1 , 2C-1 , … RC-1
• Ciphering
Complex scrambling
G1

G2

G1

G2
Quadrature Spreading and Modulation

sin^2(x) = 1/2 - 1/2 cos(2x)

cos^2(x) = 1/2 + 1/2 cos(2x)