ROCK PHYSICS

Sand Reservoir Delineation using Acoustic Inversion

INTRODUCTION
 ACOUSTIC INVERSION

• Seismic Inversion is a method for deriving the seismic parameters including Acoustic
Impedance (AI), by seismic data reflection that is restricted by well log data 
INTRODUCTI
• Seismic inversion for acoustic
ON impedance is commonly used in subsurface
interpretation, particularly in settings where a unique relationship can be formed
between acoustic impedance and porosity 

• An inverted impedance data is modified slowly after each iteration until the resulting
synthetic trace is balanced by the real trace within a predefined tolerance limit.
 ADVANTAGES VS DISADVANTAGES
OF SEISMIC INVERSION

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• An effective way of improving seismic data • Not a unique model, there are more model that
interpretability can produce identical synthetic traces
• Good for reservoir delineation and classification • The number of alternatives is limited by imposing
• Direct related to rock properties constraints
• Effective integration of log data for dense
horizontal distribution od seismic data with high
resolution borehole data.
 OVERVIEW OF SAND
RESERVOIR

• Sand’s common grain of sizes between (62 μm-2 mm) is the word sand. Based on
the extent to which the sand dominates the sandstone as a reservoir material,
the combination of it is defined as porosity and permeability.

• The best sources of sandstone are those made primarily of quartz grains of
approximately equivalent thickness, or silica powder, with small broken particles. 
• Reservoir of sandstone are typically 25 meters high.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

GEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY

• This includes the history of deposition and post depositional geologic occurrences

• The porosity and permeability characteristics of material are analyzed by the total structural
composition of the reservoir.

HETEROGENEITY OF RESERVOIR

• Some reservoirs are more heterogenous than others (e.g. located in highly faulted area)

• Petroleum reservoirs are called heterogenous rocks which varies from microscopic to megascopic
range
 OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the project are:

• To delineate sand from other lithologies from the data 

• To locate the potential hydrocarbon location in the data 

• To interpret the lithologies of the data given 

METHODOLOGY
 METHODOLOGY

The inversion procedure involves well to seismic calibration, wavelet estimation and model
based inversion:

• Integration of 3D seismic data and well log data are important data to assess the quality
and prospectivity of the reservoirs.

• Model-based seismic inversion is a technique that involves the building of a geologically

consistent model and then comparing the same model with measured seismic data.

• The results of the comparison between the observed data and modelled data are then
used to iteratively update the model in such a way as to obtain a better match with the
observed seismic data.
 Methodology

Well Log Data Horizon Data Seismic Data

Correlation of well logs Logging-seismic calibration

Velocity function analysis Wavelet extraction Seismic Synthetic Modelling

Building of initial model

Inversion analysis

Output (Kehinde D. Oyeyemi, 2017)

RESULTS
BEFORE ACOUSTIC
IMPEDANCE

• Well-tie process
• The middle part is the synthetic seismic traces
• It is very difficult to delineate sand reservoir in
this seismic section because it only displays the
polarity and amplitude of the wave
• This seismic section can be used to interpret the
geological structure in the basin
• The only way for interpreting the lithology is by
correlating well data with seismic data
• Increase the vertical and lateral resolution
AFTER ACOUSTIC
IMPEDANCE

• The colours indicate the acoustic impedance (AI)

• Red indicates the lowest AI
• Purple indicates the highest AI
• Low AI – high porosity
• High AI – low porosity
• Porosity decreases with depth – compaction
• Enhanced the structural and horizon
interpretation
• Delineate sand reservoirs
• Map thin sand bodies because sensitive with the
porosity of the rock
CONCLUSION
• Acoustic Inversion (AI) is a great tool in seismic interpretation
• Delineate sand reservoir by enhancing the structural and horizon
interpretation
• Help to interpret complex and highly heterogeneous reservoir by
integrate the elastic properties with petrophysical properties such as
porosity.