Group 3

Cadelina, Reneil
Cabigan, Lady Lee
Hatol, Babyvelle
 02
01 CULTURAL
CULTURE RELATIVISM
1.1
TWO TYPES OF 2.1
CULTURE CLAIMS
1.2
ELEMENTS OF 2.2
CULTURE ADVANTAGES
1.3
CHARACTERISTICS OF 2.3
CULTURE DISADVANTAGES

1.4
LEVEL OF CULTURE
CULTURE
Culture refers to the outlook,
attitudes, values, goals, and
practices shared by a group,
organization, or society.
2 TYPES OF
CULTURE
1. Material culture - is
physical things that are
created by a society.

2. Non material Culture -

cannot be touch, feel, taste
or hold.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
1. Social Organization - in most cultures, society divides
people by social organization. Mostly there is a ruler who is
more powerful than other persons.
2. Customs - traditions, values, and social standards of a
society and establish practices. These help a society indicate
the rules of behavior which enforce ideas of right and
wrong. These can be traditions, rules, written laws, etc.
ELEMENTS OF
CULTURE
3. Rituals - processes or sets of actions that are repeated in
specific conditions and with specific meaning. They may be
associated with company events or special day.
4. Religion - another important element of culture, which
describes a society’s morals and beliefs about humanity’s
spirituality and reason for existing.
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
5. Language - language is a symbolic system through
which people communicate and through which culture
is written, acted and transmitted.
6. Norms - there are different norms, standards and
expectations in cultures for behaving.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
1. Learnt - culture is learnt from their elders because it’s not
biological. Culture is not the thing you study or inherit but it is just
the process you pass from it.
2. Shared - culture is something that is shared because we share our
culture with other members of our group. Culture is always
transferred by sharing. Culture is shared in many ways like social
communication, group discussions, public speaking, TV, internet.
3. Social - culture is social, it is not the one person phenomena. It is
the product of society and raise and grows through social
interaction.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
4. Continuous - culture is a continuous process and adapts
changes in the environment. Culture is the result of past and
present experiences.
5. Integrated - all components of culture are connected to one
another and to gain a extensive Understanding of culture, we
must learn about all these different components.
LEVEL OF CULTURE
1. International culture - refers to cultural
traits that extend beyond national
boundaries. These cultural traits and patterns
spread through diffusion, migration,
colonization, and globalization.
LEVEL OF CULTURE
2. National culture - are the beliefs, behavior
patterns, values, cultural traits, and institutions
shared within a country. National culture is most
easily recognizable in the form of symbols such as
flags, logos, and colors as well as sound including
national anthems and musical styles.
LEVEL OF CULTURE
3. Subcultures - level of culture, are smaller
groups of people who share cultural traits and
patterns within the same country. Subcultures
have shared experiences and common cultural
distinctions, but they are a part of the larger
society or cultural system.
 CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
The idea that we should seek to
understand another person’s beliefs and
behaviors from the perspective of their
culture rather than our own.
CLAIMS OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM
• Different societies have different moral codes.
• There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one societal code
better than another.
• The moral code of our own society has no special status; it is merely one
among many.
• There is no "universal truth" in ethics; that is, there are no moral truths that
hold for all peoples at all times.
• The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society; that
is, if the moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, then that
action is right, at least within that society.
• It is mere arrogance for us to try to judge the conduct of other peoples. We
should adopt an attitude of tolerance toward the practices of other cultures.
WHAT IS THE IMPLICATION TO ETHICS AS A
FIELD OF STUDY IF CULTURAL RELATIVISM IS
TRUE?
• The Greeks believed it was wrong to eat the dead, whereas the Callatians believed it
was right to eat the dead.
• Therefore, eating the dead is neither objectively right nor objectively wrong. It is
merely a matter of opinion, which varies from culture to culture.
• Different cultures have different moral codes.
• Therefore, there is no objective "truth" in morality. Right and wrong are only matters
of opinion, and opinions vary from culture to culture.

DIFFERENT CULTURES HAVE DIFFERENT MORAL

CODES
• Therefore, there is no objective "truth" in morality. Right and wrong are only matters
of opinion, and opinions vary from culture to culture.
EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM
• Polygamy
• Nudity

WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM CULTURAL

RELATIVISM?
• How to escape the unconscious bonds of one's own culture, which inevitably bias
our perceptions of and reactions to the world.
• Not all of our preferences are based on absolute standards.
• How to make sense of an unfamiliar culture.
• Keep an open mind.
IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM

• It is important to learn about unknown people and cultures. It

eliminates the misinterpretation of a particular culture. It helps in
understanding cultural diversities.

• It does not make value judgements on another culture. It helps to

analyze culture objectively.

• There is no biasness as in the case of ethnocentrism. There is respect

for every culture.
 ADVANTAGES
• It is a system which promotes cooperation.
• It creates a society where equality is possible.
• People can pursue a genuine interest.
• Respect is encouraged in a system of cultural
relativism.
• Cultural relativism creates a society without
judgment.
DISADVANTAGES
• It creates a system that is fueled by personal bias.
• It would create chaos.
• It draws people away from one another.
• It could limit humanity’s progress.
• Cultural relativism can turn perceptions into truths.
SUMMARY
What is culture? How does it define our moral
behavior?

Conclusion about cultural relativism.

How can we relate sociology, philosophy, and

anthropology to cultural relativism?
Thank you and
God bless.
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