Introduction to AI

CT017-3-1 Ver 1.0

Automated Systems
 Topic & Structure of The Lesson

Robotics
CAD/CAM
Simulation
Intelligent Robots

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 2 of 37

 Learning Outcomes

• At the end of this topic, You should be able

to
• Describe what perception in the context of human and
robots.
• Understand various definitions related to
sensing/perception
• Understand variety of sensing techniques
• Understand challenges of sensing and perception in
robotics

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 3 of 37

 Key Terms You Must Be Able To
Use
• If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following
terms correctly in your assignments and exams:

• Mobile robot
• Stationary robot

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 4 of 37

 Perception - Humans

We perceive our environment through many

channels: sight, sound, touch, smell, taste. Many
animals possess these same perceptual
capabilities, and others are able to monitor
entirely different channels.
Two extremely important sensory channels for
humans are vision and spoken language. It is
through these two faculties that we gather
almost all of the knowledge that drives our
problem-solving behaviours.

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 5 of 37

 Perception - Robots

Robots, too, can process visual and

auditory information, and they can also be
equipped with more exotic sensors, such
as laser rangefinders, speedometers, and
radar.

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 6 of 37

 Robot Architecture

Perception
The

Cognition Physical

World
Action

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 7 of 37

 Introduction to Robotics

Robotics is the intelligent connection of

perception to action

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 8 of 37

 Introduction to Robotics
What are Autonomous Mobile Robots that Cooperate?
• “Robots”  Physical hardware devices that sense the
world, reason about it, and take actions

• “Autonomous”  Robots make decisions on their own,

using software instructions that we develop

• “Mobile”  Robots can move around on their own

• “Cooperate”  Robots work together, through

communication, to solve problems they can’t achieve
individually
CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 9 of 37
 How Do You Design Smart Robots?
n icate
o mmu Sense Reason Act
C

Sense Reason Act

Environment
CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 10 of 37
 How Does a Robot “Sense”?
Can use vision…
Raw
data

Camera

“Perceived” info. (using Marker 1: Marker 2: Marker 3:

intelligent software ID = 1010110 ID = 0101010 ID = 0011000
d = 23” d = 42” d = 26”
algorithms on robot): q = 117o q = 86o q = 61o
a = 76o a = 0o a = 32o

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 11 of 37

 How Does a Robot “Sense”?
Can use laser range scanner…

Raw data
(multiple scans)

Laser range
scanner

“Perceived” info. (using

intelligent software
algorithms on robot):

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 12 of 37

 Autonomous Security Robot
Overview v1.1

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeAK
Wwu-hiA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQMMT
w1f43s

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 13 of 37

 Robots in Covid19

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQMMT
w1f43s

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut1BC
R1fzv0

• AI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MLG
QL5pbbM
CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 14 of 37
 Robotic Restaurant

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPoAj
RxyBQQ

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 15 of 37

 And, there are lots of other
sensors…
• “Low-end” camera
• Infrared
• Sonar
• Microphone
• DGPS
• Compass
• Odometry (wheel encoders)
• Inclinometer (tilt)
• Tactile
• Chemical, radiation, wind, …

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 16 of 37

 How Does a Robot “Reason”?

“Hmm … I see that the blue

block is on the table. But I
want the blue block to be on
the red block. So, I’ll pick up
the blue block and move it.”

Current Situation Desired Situation

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 17 of 37

 Other areas of AI

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRvaW
Hk3A8k

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 18 of 37

 Question and Answer Session

Q&A

CT017-3-1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Automated Systems Slides 19 of 37