FIXED OILS AND

FATS

GROUP 3
 Fixed oil and fats
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:-
Define what is fixed oil.
Mention Its source.
List some of an examples of fixed oils and fats
with their family.
Explain the use of fixed oil.
 Fixed oils and fats
• What are fixed oils and fats?
• Fixed oils are oily substance obtained mainly
from plant source. They are produced in various
organs of plants.
• They are arc glyceryl esters of fatty acids.
• Fixed oils are oily liquids and the fats are
generally solid or semisolid substance.
• A fixed oil is often referred to us a carrier oil and
doesn’t evaporate.
 Fixed oils and fats
• Obtained by solvent extraction of crushed seeds.
• Triglycerides
• Saturated from animal
• Unsaturated from plant
• Doesn’t get volatiles at room temperature.
• Have caloric value.
• Form soaps with alkaloids.
• Become rancid on prolong stay.
• Low refractive index.
 Fixed oils and fats
Physical properties
• Can not be distilled (unless decomposed )
• Leaves a permanent, translucent stain on filter
paper.
• Specific gravity is 1.
• All insoluble in water. Soluble in organic
solvents(except ethyl alcohol except castor oil)
• They have characteristic odors.
• Varying viscosities.
 Fixed oils and fats
Chemically
• Fixed oils and fats have the same chemical
composition: they consist chiefly of glycerides,
resulting from a reaction between an alcohol
called glycerol and certain members of a
group of compounds known as fatty acids.

“Esters of glycerin with fatty acid.”

 Fixed oils and fats
Peanut oil
The peanut belongs to kingdom plantae and
botanical family family fabaceae.
It is widely grown in the tropics and sub tropics,
being important to both small and large
commercial procedures.
It is classified as both grain legume and, due to
its high oil content, an oil crop.
 Fixed oils and fats
• Peanut oil is the refined fixed oil obtained from the seed kernel of
cultivated variety of Arachis hypogea.
• The chief constituent of peanut include 50 to60 percent of fixed
oil , 25 to 30 percent proteins and 15 to 20 percent of starch. The
brown covering of seeds are rich in vitamins and minerals.
• It is free from cholesterol contains countless essential fatty acids
like omega 6 fatty acid.
• It has got ample quantity of plant sterols that reduces the chance
of cardiopathy.
• It has wealthy mono saturated fatty acids. This help to cut back the
lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) and increase the alpha lipoprotein
(good cholesterol).
• Most studies in animals suggest that it might help to reduce fatty
build up in blood vessels.
 Fixed oils and fats
• It is also commercially used to produce peanut
oil, which is commonly used as edible oil.
• This oil is also used a solvent for intra-
muscular injections.
• It is commonly eaten as very testy and
nutritious pass-time food.
 Fixed oils and fats
Teel oil
• Teel oil is fixed oil obtained by expression from the seeds of
sesamum indicum linn, family pedaliaceae.
• The most ancient oil crops known to man kind. It is grown as
a rain fed crops throughout the tropics and sub tropics.
• Solubility: it is slightly soluble in alcohol miscible with
chloroform ,solvent ether, light petroleum (40-60%)and
carbon dioxide.
Chemical constituent
• It contains glycerides of higher fatty acids mainly oleic,
linoleic, palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids.
• It also contains lignin derivatives; sesamin and sesamolin .
 Fixed oils and fats
Uses of teel oil
• It is nutritive, laxative and demulcent.
• Has emollient properties.
• Used in the preparation of liniments, plasters,
ointments and soaps (similar to olive oil).
• Used as a vehicle for intramuscular oily
injections
• After burning, it yields high quality black ink.
 Fixed oils and fats
Olive oil
• Olive oil is oil expressed from the ripe fruits of olea europea
(oleaceae family). The latifofolia variety bears larger fruit, but
the longifolia variety yields the best the best oil.
• Common names salad oil, sweet oil..
• Geographical source Mediterranean, California.
Extraction method
 The methods are vary according to local condition.
 In modern factories hydraulic presses are widely used but in
more remote district the procedure is the same as it had been
for hundreds of years.
 Fixed oils and fats
• Olives oil is composed mainly of triglycerols
(triglyceride or fat) and contains small
quantity of free fatty acids, glycerol,
phosphatides, pigments, flavor compounds,
sterols and microscopic bits of olive.
 Fixed oils and fats
• Uses
• To prevent- Heart disease
-diabetes
- constipation
-blood pressure
• May protect against colonic cancer (due to its action
of prostaglandins)
• Used in the preparation of soaps, plasters etc.
• Salad oil.
 Fixed oils and fats

Castor oil
• Castor oil is the fixed oil obtained by cold expressions of the
seeds of ricinus communis., belonging to family
euphorbiaceae.
• Castor oil consists of ricin oleic acid, isoricinoleic acid, stearic
and dihydroxy stearic acid.
• It is responsible for laxative property. It also contains vitamin
F. 90% of fatty acid content is ricin oleic acid. This acid an 18-
carbon acid having a double bond in the 9:10 position and
hydroxyl group on the 12th c. this combination of hydroxyl
group and unsaturation occurs only in castor oil.
 Fixed oils and fats
• Used as mild purgative, fungi static, an ointment base,
plasticizer, wetting agent and lubricant agent.
• Ricin oleic acid is used in contraceptive creams and
jellies
• Used as an emollient in the preparation of lipsticks, in
tooth formulation, as ingredient in hair oil.
• Industrial production of coatings, employed to make
pharmaceutical and cosmetics in the textile and
leather industries for manufacturing plastics and
fibers.
 Fixed oils and fats
Theobroma oil
• It is a pale-yellow, edible fat extracted from the cocoa
bean(also known as cocoa butter )
• It is obtained from roasted seeds of theobroma cacao linn.
• It belongs to family sterculiaceae by hot expression
• Constituent
• Glycerides of stearic, palmitic, arachidic, oleic acids and etc.
• The most extensive of all the fixed oils and is commonly
adulterated with waxes, stearin, animal or vegetable tallows.
 Fixed oils and fats

• It is used to make chocolate

• To make ointment ,toiletries and
pharmaceuticals.
• It used in the preparation of suppositories.
• Has a cocoa flavor and aroma.