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Lecture 2 Characteristics of Matter and Calculations in Chemistry
Lecture 2 Characteristics of Matter and Calculations in Chemistry
GENERAL CHEMISTRY
mixture
- Heterogeneous : the composition is not uniform
throughout the mixture
Element Cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical
means
Compound Composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically
united into their pure composition. They can be separated
only by chemical means into their pure components.
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States of Matter
Substances can exist in three states: solid, liquid,
and gas. Distances between molecules distinguish them
from one another. Solid, molecules are held close
together in an orderly fashion with little freedom of
motion. Molecules in a liquid are close together but are
not held so rigidly in position and can move past one
another. In a gas, the molecules are separated by
distances that are large compared with the size of the
molecules.
6 https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/states-of-matter/latest/states-of-matter_en.html
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Physical Property of Matter
Physical Property
Can be measured and observed without changing
the composition or identity of a substance
● Intensive/Intrinsic - does not depend on the
amount of substance present
○ color, odor, taste, density, boiling point,
melting point
● Extensive/Extrinsic - depends on the amount
of substance present
○ mass, volume, length
General Form: A + B AB
Metal + Nonmetal Binary compound 4AI(s) + 3O2(g) 2AI2O3(s)
IIA bicarbonates Metal oxide + H2O + CO2 Mg(HCO3)2(s) Mg0(s) + H2O + CO2
General Form: AY + B BY + A
Where: A & B are metals (refer to activity series)
General Form: AX + BY AY + BX
C(s) + O2 (limited) CO
Then you are going to consider the mole concept to find the mass of
a mole of each of the substances involve.
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Stoichiometric Calculations
The following are the general approach for solving stoichiometry
problems: